motor pathways

Question 1

motor system maintains

Answer 1

posture, balance, moves limbs, head etc

Question 2

upper motor neuron

Answer 2

directly or indirectly through interneurons connect to lower
axons form descending tracts

Question 3

lower motor neurons

Answer 3

axons leave CNS
extend through PNS to skeletal muscles

Question 4

cell bodies of lower motor neurons located in

Answer 4

anterior horns of spinal cord
cranial nerve nuclei of brain stem

Question 5

initiation of voluntary movement begins

Answer 5

in premotor areas of cerebral cortex

Question 6

cerebral cortex interacts with ____ and ____ for planning and coordination and execution of movements

Answer 6

basal nuclei and cerebellum

Question 7

primary motor cortex

Answer 7

in precentral gyrus
fine motor movements
30% of upper motor neurons

Question 8

cell bodies of upper motor neurons located in

Answer 8

cerebral cortex

Question 9

premotor area

Answer 9

30% of motor neuros
anterior to cortex
motor functions organized here

Question 10

prefrontal area

Answer 10

motivation, foresight to initiate moves, emotional behavior and moves

Question 11

direct pathways

Answer 11

pyramidal
muscle tone, controlling speed and precision of skilled movements
skilled movements of face and distal limbs
direct synapse with upper motor neurons of cortex with lower of spinal cord or brainstem

Question 12

indirect pathways

Answer 12

less precise movements
do not pass through pyramids
synapse with intermediate nucleus in brainstem

Question 13

direct corticospinal

Answer 13

direct control of movements below the head

Question 14

direct corticobulbar

Answer 14

direct of movements in head and neck

Question 15

75-85% of upper motor neurons of the pyramids decussate to the other side on the ____tract

Answer 15

lateral corticospinal tract

Question 16

anterior cortical spinal tract

Answer 16

decusate near level of synapse with lower motor neuron
supply neck and upper limbs

Question 17

corticobulabr tract neurons enter the ___________

Answer 17

cranial nerve nuclei

Question 18

indirect pathways control

Answer 18

conscious and unconscious movements in trunk and proximal limbs

Question 19

indirect rubprospinal

Answer 19

UMN synapse in red nucleus
regulates fine motor control of muscles in distal part of limbs

Question 20

indirect vestibospinal

Answer 20

helps maintain upright posture
extensor muscles in trunk
proximal portion of lower limbs

Question 21

indirect reticulospinal

Answer 21

maintains posture

Question 22

indirect tectopsinal

Answer 22

reflex movements of the head

Question 23

basal nuclei

Answer 23

planning, organizing and coordinating movement
stimulatory or inhibitory

Question 24

feed back loop between

Answer 24

basal nuclei
cerebellum
thalamus

Question 25

cerebellum

Answer 25

helps maintain muscle tone
helps control balance
eye movements

Question 26

comparator function of cerebellum

Answer 26

compares data of two sources
coordinates simple movements ie touching your nose