Bone growth

Question 1

addition in length of bone occurs by

Answer 1

creating cartilage at epiphyseal plate

Question 2

five zones of epiphyseal plate

Answer 2

1. Zone of resting cartilage
2. zone of proliferation
3. zone of hypertrophy
4. zone of Calcification
5. Ossified bone

Question 3

Zone of resting cartilage

Answer 3

slowly dividing chondrocytes

Question 4

zone of proliferation

Answer 4

new cartilage produced on epiphyseal side of plate through interstial growth
chondrocytes divide into stacks and columns

Question 5

zone of hypertrophy

Answer 5

chondrocytes mature and enlarge

Question 6

zone of calcification

Answer 6

matrix is calcified, chondrocytes die

Question 7

ossified bone

Answer 7

cartilage on diaphyseal site of plate is replaced by bone through appostional bone growth

Question 8

age epiphyseal plate ossifies

Answer 8

12-25

Question 9

does articular cartilage ever ossify

Answer 9

no

Question 10

bone growth in width starts

Answer 10

beneath periostieum

Question 11

step 1 bone width growth

Answer 11

osteoblasts beneath periosteum lay down bone in ridges separated by grooves, blood vessels lay down in groves

Question 12

step 2 bone growth width

Answer 12

groove transformed into tunnel, inside becomes endosteum

Question 13

step 3 bone growth width

Answer 13

appositional growth at endosteum creates concentric lamellae

Question 14

step 4 bone growth width

Answer 14

tunnel filled in with concentric lamellae and osteon complete

Question 15

bones with no epiphysis grow by

Answer 15

articular chondrocytes act like those at zone of resting cartilage

Question 16

factors affecting bone growth

Answer 16

nutrition, hormones , metabolic disorder that affects rate of cell proliferation

Question 17

rickets

Answer 17

disease in children from insufficient vit D and reduced bone mineralization

Question 18

osteomalacia

Answer 18

vit d deficiency in adults–softening bones

Question 19

vit D function

Answer 19

absorption of calcium from intestines

Question 20

Vit C function

Answer 20

production of collagen by osteoblasts
lack of vit C causes wounds not to heal, teeth to fall out

Question 21

scurvy

Answer 21

vit C deficiency in adults and children
ulceration and hemorrhage any where in body bc no collagen in collective tissue

Question 22

growth hormone

Answer 22

secreted from anterior pituitary
required for stimulation of interstitial cartilage growth and appositional bone growth

Question 23

thyroid hormone

Answer 23

growth of all tissues

Question 24

reproductive hormones

Answer 24

estrogen and progesterone
cause growth at puberty but also cause epiphyseal plate to calcify
girls stop growing before boys