cells of nervous system

Question 1

neurons

Answer 1

electrically excitable cells of nervous sytem

Question 2

neuron cell body (soma)

Answer 2

typical cell functions
have one large, centrally located nucleus

Question 3

ER of neuron called

Answer 3

Nissl Bodies–extensive bc do a lot of protein synthesis

Question 4

Dendrites of neuron

Answer 4

cell extensions that receive info from other cells
often short and highly branched

Question 5

dendritic spine

Answer 5

where axons of other cells connect with the dendrite

Question 6

axon

Answer 6

carry AP
most neruons only have a single axon

Question 7

axon hillock

Answer 7

cone shaped area where axons arise from cell bodies; narrows into initial segment where axon arise from

Question 8

trigger zone of axon

Answer 8

combo of axon hillock and initial segment where APs arise from

Question 9

axoplasm

Answer 9

cytoplasm of axon

Question 10

axolemma

Answer 10

plasma membrane of axon

Question 11

presynaptic terminal

Answer 11

end of axon that contains synaptic vesicles filled with NT

Question 12

Anterograde axon

Answer 12

move things away from cell body ie mitochondria and synaptic vesicels

Question 13

retrograde axon

Answer 13

move thing towards cell body
ie things taken in by endocytosis, damaged organelles

Question 14

sensory neurons

Answer 14

AFFERENT
conduct APs toward CNS
functional class

Question 15

motor neurons

Answer 15

EFFERENT
conduct APs away from CNS
functional class

Question 16

interneurons

Answer 16

within CNS from one neuron to another

Question 17

Multipolar

Answer 17

MOST neurons in CNS and motor neurons ins PNS
have many dendrites and one axon

Question 18

bipolar

Answer 18

sensory in retina of eye and nose
have TWO process–one dendrite and one axon

Question 19

pseudo unipolar

Answer 19

single process that divides into two branches
peripheral process to sensor receptors and central process to CNS
APs from peripheral to CNS
most sensory neurons are unipolar

Question 20

anaxonic neruon

Answer 20

NO axon, only dendrites
found in brain and retina of eye
communicate using graded potentials not APs

Question 21

Glial cells of CNS (4)

Answer 21

1. Astrocytes
2. ependemyal cells
3. Microglia
4. Oligodendrocytes

Question 22

Glial cells of PNS (2)

Answer 22

Schwann cells
satellite cells

Question 23

Astrocytes (of CNS)

Answer 23

star shaped cells with cytoplasmic cell processes called feet that cover surfaces of blood vessels, neurons and pia matter

Question 24

functions of astrocytes (of CNS)

Answer 24

1. regulate substances that reach brain from blood (blood brain barrier)
2. produce chemicals to form tight junctions to form blood brain barrier
3. regulate extracellular brain fluid
4. release chemicals that promote synapses

Question 25

retroactive astrocytosis

Answer 25

wall of injury and help reduce inflammation in brain
also produce scar tissue that limits regeneration of axons

Question 26

Ependymal cells (of CNS)

Answer 26

line ventricles and spinal cord
special version form choroid plexus

Question 26

choroid plexus (of CNS)

Answer 26

areas of ventricles that secrete CSF
made up of ependymal cells and blood vessel
have cilia to move CSF through
long processes that extend into brain tissue

Question 27

Microglia (of CNS)

Answer 27

specialized macrophages
respond to inflammation, phago necrotic tissue and foreign substances that invade CNS

Question 28

oligodendrocytes (CNS)

Answer 28

form myelin sheath for axons
one can form myelin sheath around portion of many axons

Question 29

Schwann cells (PNS) (neurolemmocytes)

Answer 29

wrap around only one axon to form myelin sheath
wrap around it many times
cell membrane primarily phospholipids

Question 30

satellite cells (PNS)

Answer 30

surrounds cell bodies in sensory ganglia
provides support and nutrients

Question 31

satellite cells (PNS)

Answer 31

surrounds cell bodies in sensory ganglia
provides support and nutrients

Question 32

gray matter

Answer 32

unmyleinated axons, dendrites and cell bodies
appears darker
in brain on outside
in spinal cord on inside
gray matter nuclei deep in white matter

Question 33

white matter

Answer 33

bundles of parrallel myelinated axons
form nerve tracts and propagate APs from one area of CNS to another
on inside of brain but outside of spinal cord