Social Development - Phase 1

Question 1

What are the key phases of social development?

Answer 1

Birth/1month, 2, 5, 9-10 and 18 months

Question 2

What happens at birth in relation to social development?

Answer 2

A basic attraction to people

Question 3

What happens at 2 months?

Answer 3

Core relatedness

Question 4

What happens at 5 months?

Answer 4

Topic-based relatedness

Question 5

What happens at 9-10 months?

Answer 5

Connected up relatedness

Question 6

What happened at 18 months?

Answer 6

Cooperative relatedness

Question 7

What happens at each phase?

Answer 7

Parents adjust to the quality of their infant’s engagement and support their development in new ways

Question 8

Who completed an experiment on phase 1 - basic attraction?

Answer 8

Goren, Party and Wu

Question 9

Who were the participants in Goren’s experiment?

Answer 9

40 new borns - median 90 minutes

Question 10

What did Goren find?

Answer 10

Greater visual preference (following) towards face like stimuli compared to scrambled or blank ones

Question 11

What did Bakti find in relation to new borns?

Answer 11

Attraction for faces that are ready to engage with eyes open and with eyes forward

Question 12

What else to new borns show an attraction to?

Answer 12

Voices, especially those that are familiar. There is a first recognition and reaction to maternal voices in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Also, an attraction to mother’s smell

Question 13

What did Lorenz investigate?

Answer 13

Adult response to infant faces

Question 14

What is the typical facial configuration of infants?

Answer 14

Big round head, high forehead, big eyes, chubby cheeks and small nose and mouth.

Question 15

What is the brain response to baby faces?

Answer 15

Motivating caretaking behaviour and is even stronger with own infant

Question 16

What did Meltzoff and Moore do?

Answer 16

Studied neonatal imitation - mouth opening and tongue protection - if infants replicate this it is a prediction of later speech and verbal movements

Question 17

What is motherese?

Answer 17

Speech to young children is variously known as infant directed speech or motherese

Question 18

What is infant directed speech characterised by?

Answer 18

Exaggerated intonation/melody and simple often diminutive vocabulary and repetition.

Question 19

What do infants prefer IDS or ADS?

Answer 19

Infant directed speech

Question 20

Is motherese cultural?

Answer 20

Yes, it has similar properties across cultures

Question 21

What do phase 1 ensure?

Answer 21

Parents have a sympathetic and emotional involvement. Infants have a strong motivation to engage. Ensure they quickly establish a close connection and over the first month lay the foundation for social communication.