CMH - Aggressive behaviour Flashcards
What is instrumental aggression?
To achieve some external aim (hurt is incidental e.g hitting a child to get a toy they had)
What is hostile aggression?
When a child deliberately attacks another in order to hurt them
What is reactive aggression?
In response to some provocation
What is proactive aggression?
Dominant behaviour employed to achieve a specific goal
What is the distinction between reactive and proactive aggression?
Reactive children show a hostile attribution bias, very readily assuming aggressive intent in a peer. Proactive children evaluated aggressive acts more positively in there outcomes.
What is indirect aggression?
Telling bad or false stories, becoming friends with another as revenge. This is not aimed directly at someone but via a 3rd party.
What are children high in relational aggression also high on?
Depression and loneliness
What is aggression usually defined as?
Intentional behaviour that hurts another person - not accidental
When are physically aggressive behaviours most frequent in infants?
Around 2 years - afterwards they are socialised into realising this is not acceptable behaviour
What did Trembley find about aggression?
That mother’s reports of hitting, biting and kicking in children starts around 1 and is highest around 3
What did the SIP model say about maladaptive aggression?
‘biased or deficient processing is hypothesised to lead to deviat social behaviour e.g. aggression’ and ‘social maladjustment is related to the formulation of social goals that are likely to be relationship damaging’
What did Hetherington and Parke state about aggressive children?
May behave in a hostile and inappropriate fashion because they are not very skilled at solving interpersonal problems
What is resource control theory?
Postulates that socially dominant individuals get preferred access to resources in a social group, and that various strategies may be used to achieve social dominance
What are coercive strategies?
Involve threats and aggression
What are prosocial strategies?
Reciprocity, help and alliances
What is the conventional view on strategies?
Coercive strategies would be associated with reduced social competence and popularity compared to prosocial
What did Hawley propose about strategies?
Some children were bistragetic controllers, successful at coercive and prosocial depending on the situation.
What risk are children who show high aggressiveness have?
Later delinquency, antisocial and violent behaviour
What are the reasons for individual differences in aggressive behaviour?
Genetic factors, temperament, parenting, peer groups factors and neighbourhood factors.
What different parts of the brain have an effect on temperament?
Frontal, temporal and perietal cortex and limbic system
Boys who were severely maltreated in children were more likely to show what?
Antisocial / criminal behaviour as adults but this depended on genotype, e.g. high or low activity variants of a gene coding for the enzyme MAOA which metabolise neurotransmitters such as dopamine
What are callous unemotional traits?
Lack of guilt and empathy and callous use of others for ones own gain
What do callous unemotional traits contribute to?
A diagnosis of psychopathy in adults - together with deceitful and manipulative behavioural style and impulsive, poorly planned behaviour
