CMH - Aggressive behaviour

Question 1

What is instrumental aggression?

Answer 1

To achieve some external aim (hurt is incidental e.g hitting a child to get a toy they had)

Question 2

What is hostile aggression?

Answer 2

When a child deliberately attacks another in order to hurt them

Question 3

What is reactive aggression?

Answer 3

In response to some provocation

Question 4

What is proactive aggression?

Answer 4

Dominant behaviour employed to achieve a specific goal

Question 5

What is the distinction between reactive and proactive aggression?

Answer 5

Reactive children show a hostile attribution bias, very readily assuming aggressive intent in a peer. Proactive children evaluated aggressive acts more positively in there outcomes.

Question 6

What is indirect aggression?

Answer 6

Telling bad or false stories, becoming friends with another as revenge. This is not aimed directly at someone but via a 3rd party.

Question 7

What are children high in relational aggression also high on?

Answer 7

Depression and loneliness

Question 8

What is aggression usually defined as?

Answer 8

Intentional behaviour that hurts another person - not accidental

Question 9

When are physically aggressive behaviours most frequent in infants?

Answer 9

Around 2 years - afterwards they are socialised into realising this is not acceptable behaviour

Question 10

What did Trembley find about aggression?

Answer 10

That mother’s reports of hitting, biting and kicking in children starts around 1 and is highest around 3

Question 11

What did the SIP model say about maladaptive aggression?

Answer 11

‘biased or deficient processing is hypothesised to lead to deviat social behaviour e.g. aggression’ and ‘social maladjustment is related to the formulation of social goals that are likely to be relationship damaging’

Question 12

What did Hetherington and Parke state about aggressive children?

Answer 12

May behave in a hostile and inappropriate fashion because they are not very skilled at solving interpersonal problems

Question 13

What is resource control theory?

Answer 13

Postulates that socially dominant individuals get preferred access to resources in a social group, and that various strategies may be used to achieve social dominance

Question 14

What are coercive strategies?

Answer 14

Involve threats and aggression

Question 15

What are prosocial strategies?

Answer 15

Reciprocity, help and alliances

Question 16

What is the conventional view on strategies?

Answer 16

Coercive strategies would be associated with reduced social competence and popularity compared to prosocial

Question 17

What did Hawley propose about strategies?

Answer 17

Some children were bistragetic controllers, successful at coercive and prosocial depending on the situation.

Question 18

What risk are children who show high aggressiveness have?

Answer 18

Later delinquency, antisocial and violent behaviour

Question 19

What are the reasons for individual differences in aggressive behaviour?

Answer 19

Genetic factors, temperament, parenting, peer groups factors and neighbourhood factors.

Question 20

What different parts of the brain have an effect on temperament?

Answer 20

Frontal, temporal and perietal cortex and limbic system

Question 21

Boys who were severely maltreated in children were more likely to show what?

Answer 21

Antisocial / criminal behaviour as adults but this depended on genotype, e.g. high or low activity variants of a gene coding for the enzyme MAOA which metabolise neurotransmitters such as dopamine

Question 22

What are callous unemotional traits?

Answer 22

Lack of guilt and empathy and callous use of others for ones own gain

Question 23

What do callous unemotional traits contribute to?

Answer 23

A diagnosis of psychopathy in adults - together with deceitful and manipulative behavioural style and impulsive, poorly planned behaviour