Research Lecture 4 - Cog and Lang Dev Flashcards
What did Foglia and Wilson belief?
‘In the Western philosophical tradition, the fact we have bodies has been mostly regarded as irrelevant or peripheral to the understanding of knowledge and cognition’
What is the new belief regarding cognitive and language development?
‘Bodily states and modality specific (senses) systems for perception and action underlie information processing contributes to aspects and effects of mental phenomena’
What did Oudgenoeg-Paz, Volman and Leseman question?
Whether the age of attainment of sitting and walking can predict the development of productive vocabulary between the ages of 16 and 28 months
Who were the participants of Leseman et al?
55 children aged 16-28 months
What were the parents required to report in Leseman et al?
The age at which their child could engage in unsupported sitting, the age at which their child could engage in independent walking and productive vocabulary
What did Leseman et al find?
Children who achieve unsupported sitting and independent walking earlier show a higher overall lever and larger rate of growth of productive vocabulary. Also early sitters and walkers get different learning opportunities and see the world differently
What did Kretch et al question?
How infants with typical development and infants with significant motor delay use various postures during play. Whether posture is related in real time to caregiver-provided cognitive learning opportunities
Who were the participants of Kretch et al?
Children with motor delay, children with Bayley III motor compositor score lower than 2.5 standard deviations below the mean
What is gross motor?
How well an infant can move their body
What is fine motor?
How well an infant can use their hands and fingers to make things happen
What are infants assessed for in gross motor skills in Kretch et al?
Assessed for head control and their performance on activities such as rolling from side to side, sitting upright and crawling motions.
What are infants assessed for in fine motor skills in Kretch?
Assessed for muscle control such as following movement with their eyes, bringing a hand to their mouth and reaching/grasping an object
What is the procedure of Kretch et al’s experiment?
Infants participated in 5 assessment visits over 1 year; at baseline and atrium 1.5, 3, 6 and 12 months post baseline. Visits took place in family’s home. A video-taped 5 min free play session with chills primary caregiver
What is supine?
Lying on the floor or other surface with the infant’s back or side in contact with the surface
What is prone?
All face down postures
What is supported sitting?
Sitting on the floor with assistance from caregiver
What is independent sitting?
Sitting on the floor without caregivers assistance or with, without support from hands
What is standing?
Upright with feet on the floor, with or without support
What are the 5 categories of infant posture coding?
Supine, prone, supported sitting, independent sitting and standing.
What are cognitive opportunities?
Moments where the adult engaged with the child and promoted the practice of a perceptual, cognitive or social developmental skill
What are the 3 categories of cognitive opportunity coding?
Encourage infants to explore objects visually or manually, engage in face to face play and joint attention and draw infants attention to a property or affordance of an object
What did Soska and Adolph question?
How changes in infant’s postural position affect the frequency of exploratory actions - manual, oral and visual exploration and their coordinated interactions.
Who are the participants of Soska and Adolph?
29 infants aged 4.7 to 7.43 months
What did the participants of Soska’s experiment do?
Offered a different toy on each trials, and trials lasted until infants accumulated 60 sec of manual contact with the toy. After 2 trials were completed in the given posture, the experimenter placed the infant in the next posture
What were the 3 postures in Soska?
Sitting upright held by a caregiver, lying supine on their backs and lying prone on their bellies
What are the 3 manual explorations in Soska?
Fingering objects, rotating objects and transferring objects between hands with no concurrent mouthing or touching of the upper body or legs
What is oral exploration?
Coded when infants brought an object into the mouth for 0.5 sec or more
