SC - Perspective taking abilities Flashcards
What is epistemic perspective taking (reasoning about beliefs)?
Attribution of justified false beliefs : recognising that one can have beliefs that diverge from reality but are justified by one’s experience of the world
What is conceptual perceptive taking (distinguishing between appearance and reality )?
Ability to recognise that the way things appear is different from the way they actually are
In an experiment similar to the Sally-Anne test, it was found that the correct location was pointed to in?
3 years olds -> 0%
4 year olds -> 57%
6-9 year olds -> 86%
The attribution of false belief to others developed after the age of 4
What is an experiment that tests attributing false belief to oneself?
Children are shown a tube of popular sweets and asked to guess what is inside. After the child replies sweets, the experimenter shows there is a pencil inside.
When children were asked, ‘when you first saw this tube, before we opened it, what did you think was inside’ what did each age answer?
3 year olds - pencil
4-5 year olds - do much better
The attribution of false belief to oneself developed after the age of 4.
What is an example experiments of distinguishing between appearance and reality?
Children are show joke-shop objects e.g sponge rock and shown it is fake
What are children asked in the distinguishing between appearance and reality question?
Reality check -> ‘ what is this really? is it really really a rock or really really a piece of sponge
Appearance check -> ‘ when you look at this, does it look like a rock or a sponge
What were the findings of the appearance vs reality experiment?
3 year olds often give the same answer to both questions but 4-5 year olds do much better.
The appearance reality distinction developed after the age of 4
Taking into consideration the findings of the experiments, what can we conclude?
The full ‘theory of mind’ developed at around 4-5
