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Year 4 Livestock and One Health > Small Ruminants: Goat Medicine and Surgery > Flashcards

Small Ruminants: Goat Medicine and Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

Why are licensed drugs in goats important and why care is required?

A

Issue for milk and meat- 45% population

Care: particular brands have license

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2
Q

What is the normal TPR for a goat?

A

Rectal- 38.7-40.7

HR:
Adults: average 95 (70-120)
Kids upto 1mo: <200
Kids 1-6mo <140

RR:
Adults 15-30
Kids 20-40

Rumen activity: 3-4 contractions in 2 minutes

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3
Q

How is goats blood samples and where are subcut and IM injections given?

What about oral medicine?

A

Blood: jugular- straight neck
Sub cut: neck, caudal to elbow, escutcheon
Oral: kid- lamb feder tube, adult- foal tube

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4
Q

What clostridial disease are more and less present in goats?

A
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5
Q
  1. What are the clinical signs of enterotoxaemia?
  2. What is the treatment?
A
  1. Clinical signs:
    Per acute: rapid death/found deat
    Sub acute: profuse diarrhoea ± dysentery
  2. Treatment:
    Fluid therapy
    NSAID ± additional analgesia
    Charcoal?
    TLC: warmth, stimulation
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6
Q

How is enterotoxaemia in goats controlled?

A

Trigger factors to shift from commensal to infection:
* Rumen/metabolic acidosis (CH feeding)
* Sudden diet change (housing/turnout)
* Stress (bullying, concurrent illness, trauma)

Vaccination- 4 in 1
Booster q3-6m

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7
Q
  1. What is CAE?
  2. What are the problems of CAE?
A
  1. Caprine arthritis encephalitis
  2. Production losses: early culling, loss of kids, reduced milk/exports
    No treatment and difficult to control
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8
Q

What are the clinical signs of CAE
How is it diagnosed?

A

Rare and unspecific
* Arthritis
* Encephalitis (young kids)
* Masitis
* Weightloss

Dx: serology

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9
Q

How is CAE controlled?

A

Interrupt infection spread

Infected dam- udder infection- milk and colostrum

Test and cull
Avoid pooled milk/colostrum
Colostrum not protective

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10
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of listeriosis?

How is it diagnosed?

A

Clinical manifestations:
* Encephalitis
* Septicaemia and sudden death
* Abortion

Diagnosis:
* Clinical signs
* Lab: CSF, Serology, PME, haem?

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11
Q

How is listeriosis treated?

A
  • ABs
  • NSAIDs
  • IVFT- alkaline
  • TLC: deep bedding, warmth, quiet and dark, rumen flora
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12
Q

How is listeriosis prevented?

A

Silage technique
* Blade height
* Good fermentation
* No aerobic spoilage
* Remove left-overs

Avoid bare pastures

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13
Q

What iceberg diseases do goats have in common with other ruminants?

A

Johnes disease
* D+ not until terminal stage (as in sheep)
* Gudair vaccine available

Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA)
* Disfiguiring (show animals)
* Shearing in fibre goats
* Restraining devices

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14
Q

What are the notifiable diseases of goats?

A

Big, blue, brutes, can, carefully, catch, fowl, smelling, mice, pests, slowly, riding, risks

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15
Q

What are the differentials for a goat with weightloss/poor BCS?

A
  • Endoparasites
  • Nutrition
  • Dental problem
  • CAE
  • Johne’s disease
  • Scrapie
  • Neoplasia
  • Lameness
  • Bovine tuberculosis
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16
Q

What are the differentials for a goat with respiratory disease?

A
  • Pasturellosis (manhaemia haemolytica)
  • No specific virus (but CAE)
  • Mycoplasma (show animals)
  • Lung worm (dictocaulus, muellerius)
  • Bovine TB
17
Q

What are the differentials for anaemia in a goat?

A
  • Haemolysis or haemorrhage
  • Endoparasites (haemonchus, teladorsagia, fluke, coccidiosis)
  • Lice
  • Blood parasites
  • Chronic inflammatory disease or severe liver disease
  • Mycoplasma mycoides
  • Afibrinogenaemia
18
Q

What common diseases can affect foot care and lameness?

A
  • Scald and foot rot
  • Treponeme-associated
  • White-line disease
  • Pedal joint abscess

Digit amputation well tolerated

19
Q

What are the clinical signs of endoparasites?

A

Weightloss/poor growth, decreased milk yield, anaemia
Severe disease, dehydration, protein loss, death

20
Q

What is the suggestion for anthelmintic use in goats?

A

Need for higher dosage rates

21
Q

What ectoparasites can affect goats?

A
  • Lice- anaemia
  • Blowfly
  • Nuisance flies

Mange
* Chorioptes- tailhead
* Psoroptes- skin folds
* Sarcoptes- head, neck- very pruritic- zoonotic
* Demodex- thorax nodules- not prutitic

22
Q
  1. What is pygmy goat syndrome?
  2. How is it diagnosed?
  3. How is it treated?
A
  1. Seborrhoeic dermatitis- prim/secondary keratinisation disorder
    hair loss and skin flaking/crusting aorund eyes, lips, ears, chin, ventrally and peritoneum
  2. Rule out other conditions, biopsy
  3. Topical steroid ± AB antiseptic or seleen shampoo
23
Q

What commonly affects udder health in goats?

A

Teat biting
* Adult dairy goats- remove/cull biter
* Udder impetigo- staphylococcal
* Udder enlargment
Maiden milkers/pseudo preg- do not milk
Suspensory ligament failure- rule our COD, repro tract neoplasia, pyo (Tx: masectomy)

24
Q

How does mastitis affect coats?

A

Clinically rare: serious ± gangrene
Sub-clinically common
* Apocrine milk secretion- naturally higher SCC
* Varies with breed, season, stage of lactation

25
Q

Why is neoplasia more common in pet goats?

A

Reach older age

26
Q

What epidural is given to sheep for a C-section?

A

Lumbo-sacral epidural

27
Q

What is the prognosis and complications of C-sections in goats?

A

Prognosis- 93-96% dam, 42-65% neonates

Complications:
* Retained foetal membranes
* Endometritis
* Fever
* Seroma/wound breakdown
* Peritonitis

28
Q
  1. When does floppy kid disease most commonly occur?
  2. What are the clinical signs and possible cause?
  3. How is it treated?
A
  1. 3 days to 3 weeks old- biggest and healthiest, one, no disease/dehydration
  2. Incoordination/ataxia, difficulty feeding, recumbancy
  3. Bicarbonate, electrolytes, nursing
29
Q

What species of goat is commonly affected by sticky kid disease?

A

Golden Guernsey
No treatment

30
Q

How do does of analgesia differ to other ruminants?

A

Lower doses of local
Lidocaine <6mg/kg
Bupivicaine <2mg/kg

31
Q

What are the considerations to anaesthesia of goats?

A
  • Consider GA over local
  • Starvation
  • Tetanus cover
  • ABs
  • NSAIDs
  • Fly control
  • Positioning
  • Monitoring
  • Pad horn
32
Q

How can a goat be induced?

A

Xylazine- IV/IM
or
Detomidine IV

± butorphanol
Plus ketamine

33
Q

How is hypothermia managed during surgery?

A
  • Cover
  • Soak up fluids
  • Warm lavage fluids
  • Bair hugger/hot hands
  • 5% glucose IV
  • Monitor
  • Feed post op
34
Q

What are the options for analgesia in goats?

A
  • Fentanyl patch
  • Butorphanol
  • Buprenorphine
  • Meloxicam
35
Q
  1. What techniques are legally required for castration?
A

Ringing before 7 days old
> 2 months old requires vet and anaesthesia

36
Q

What are the different methods of temporary castration for goats?

A
  • Anti-GnRH vaccine
  • Suprelorin
  • Belly apron
37
Q

What nerves need to be blocked for a goats dehorning?

A
38
Q

What are the risk factors for urolithiasis?

A

Pet goats: concentrates
Poor water quality

Year 4 Livestock and One Health (58 decks)

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