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Year 4 Livestock and One Health > Small Ruminants: Camelid Health and Welfare > Flashcards

Small Ruminants: Camelid Health and Welfare Flashcards

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1
Q

What should be assessed about the group?

A

Bright, alert and responsive
With group, same rank
Cudding, feeding, drinking

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2
Q
  1. How is BCS measured?
  2. What should be done if there is a reduction in BW by 1/2, 1 and 2?
A
  1. Same as sheep- ideal 2.5/3
  2. 1/5- observe, 1- vet, 2- urgent

Assume animal sicker then appears

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3
Q

What are common signs of abnormality in camelids?

A

Response to you/environment
Colic- less violent then horse

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4
Q

How is blood taken from a camelid?

A
  1. C5/C6 lateral protrusion (spinous process)
  2. Thumb slips medially to raise jugular for sampling
  3. Needle to follow cranially and parallel to the neck
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4
Q

How can IV be injected IV?

A
  • If that sick that needs IV- clip
  • Clipped higher up where the jugular is seen raising
  • Do not enter carotid- pumps
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5
Q

How should camelids be treated with fluids?

A

Do not go above maintencance- 2ml/kg/hr
* Care with glucose- only if can monitor- can cause hypoglycaemia
* Shock rates- prone to pulmonary effusions

Youngsters and adults use alkaline fluids

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6
Q

What side should a jugular cathether be placed in?

A

Right it right
Avoids vagus and oesophagus

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7
Q

What is the goal of plasma treatment of albumin and TP?

FPT

A

Albumin >20 g/l
TP >40 g/l

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8
Q

What does this animal show?

A

Stress fold below the eye
Mouth breathing

Leave alone for 15 mins if possible

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9
Q

What does abdominal distention in camelids suggest more then other ruminants?

A

Ascites, SI obstruction, pregnancy
Vs
Bloat

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10
Q

What does colic suggest in camelids opposed to other ruminants?

A

Phytobezoar, enteritis, spiral colon torsion
Vs
Gaseous distension

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11
Q

How can oral medication be given to camelids?

A

Small size foal tube
Lamb feeding tube for young

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12
Q

Where can a microchip be placed in camelids?

A

Upper left neck- care with angle
30-45 degrees

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13
Q

What vaccination can be given to camelids?

A

Clostridial- a must
Others:
* Blue tongue
* Orf
* Leptospirosis
* Salmonellosis
* Rota
* Coronavirus
* E.coli
* Abortion agents

Immunity last unknown- reccomend 3-6 months
Orf- live- only if must

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14
Q
  1. What endoparasites can affect camelids?
  2. What are the clinical signs?
A
  1. Same as cattle and sheep- fluke, haemonchus
  2. Soft faeces, ill thrift, anaemia, malasie and death
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15
Q

What are the cut offs for the following endoparasites?
1. Trichostrongyle
2. Fluke, nematodirus
3. Haemonchus, lungworm

A
  1. 300-400
  2. 1
  3. Any note worthy

Dung piles and poo pciking aid in pasture contamination

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16
Q

What can be used to worm camelids?

A

Benzimidazoles- albendazole (never pregnant, never >10mg/kg)
Levamisol- only if able to weigh
MCLs- moxidectin for haemonchus
Montepantel- 3x sheep dose

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17
Q
  1. If there is a high forecast when should camelids be fluked?
  2. What are the typical high forecast months?
  3. What are the drugs used?
A
  1. Dose 6 weeks later
  2. Oct and Jan
  3. Triclabendazole, closantel, albendazole, clorsulon
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18
Q

What 4 coccidiosis can affect camelids?

A

Eimeira lamae
Eimeria Punoensis
Eimeria alpacae
Eimeria macusaniensis

Big Mac- very large, severe ilness with low counts

19
Q

When can coccidia be treated and controlled?

A

Treat
* Early born crias- weaning
* Late born crias- 2-3mo
* Adults after stress
* Incoming animals

Control:
Move troughs

20
Q

Which is chorioptic which is sarcoptic mange?

A

Left chorioptic
Right sarcoptic

Interdigital space best for skin scrapes

21
Q

How and with what can camelids be treated for mange?

A

Ivermectins
* Injectable for sarcoptic mange
* Pour on for chorioptic
* 3-4 treatments
* 7-10 days apart

Treat the whole group
Keep away from water courses

22
Q

What can be used for severe cases of mange?

A
  • Shampoo- keratolytic
  • Topical acaricide- fronline
  • Skin conditioner
  • ABs
23
Q

What does this image show

A

Munge, hyperkeratosis
Typically weaning age and adolescent- idiopathic

24
Q

What needs to be ruled out for lumps?

A

CLA- caseous lymphadenitis
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

Especially if near lymph node
Don’t shear till last

25
Q

What can be used to treat gastric ulceration?

A

Ranitidine, pantoprazole needs to be given systemically

Can be considered in any inappetant animal
Cause unknown

26
Q

What are the three types of lesions cause in camelids by bovine tuberculosis?

A

Abscessation- lungs
Ulcerative lesions- trachea
Mamillary lesions- spleen/liver

27
Q

What serological tests can be used for Bovine TB?

A

Voluntary testing scheme
Idexx
StatPak
Enferplex

28
Q
  1. What are the main DDxs for anaemia of camelids?
  2. What can be checked in field for compromise?
A
  1. Cardiovascular compromise
  2. Pulse defecit, heart murmur, cold extremities, CRT
29
Q

How can anaemia be correctly measures?

A
  • Elliptical blood cells (calibrate machine)
  • PCV manually

If thrombocytes very high machine not calibrated

30
Q

What can commonly cause anaemia in camelids?

A
  • Chronic disease
  • Haemonchiosis- fluke
  • Gastric ulceration
  • Haemolysis
  • Ivermectin toxicity
  • Mycoplasma haemollame
31
Q

How can a camelid be blood transfused?

A

Commonly companion- ask
* Can cope to 10% PCV
* Depends on how fast blood loss is
* only 1 blood group
* Monitoring difficult- PCV can take 4-6 weeks
* 1 litre increases PCV by 5%

32
Q
  1. How old do camelids need to be for castration?
  2. What preparation needs to be done?
  3. What should be given immediately pre-op?
A
  1. > 18 mo
  2. Tetanus cover, withhold concentrated for 24 hours
  3. ABs and NSAIDs
33
Q

What anaesthesia can be used for castrations?

A

Local infiltration
* Max 6mg/kg
* Along median raphe
* ± intra-testicular

Triple stun ± local

Caudal epidural 1ml/45kg Bw

34
Q

How are camelids castrated?

A
  • Recumbent- tie out, nose below larynx, blindfold
  • Duct tape for llama fur
  • Closed technique
  • Haemostasis- ligature, clamp, twist and pull
35
Q

What are the top 3 differentials for weight loss?

A

Parasites
Tooth and Jaw
Bullying

36
Q

What are common tooth and jaw issues?
How are they treated?

A

Oversize incisors- trimming if poor BCS/quidding (care not to expose pulp cavity)
Retained incisors- deciduous- white, permanent- dirty
Maxillary/mandibular abscess- radiography/CRT

37
Q

What are the three methods of sedation of camelids?

A

Triple stun: IV
* Xylazine
* ketamine
* butorphanol

Abrahamson mix: IM
* Ketamine
* Xylazine
* butorphanol

Cria
* Butorphamol
* Diazepam

38
Q

What is induction and analgesia similar to?

A

Messi

(GOATs)

39
Q

What are common malpresentations of neonates in camelids?

A
  • Foot/lower limb caught on pelvic rim
  • Twins

C- Section
* Carpal flexion
* Head deviation, neck flexion
* Breech

40
Q

What is important to note when delivering crias with camelid pelvis?

A

Small pelvis
Gain 1-2 cm by rotating foetus 30-45 degrees

41
Q

Describe considerations of Ceaser in camelids?

A
  • Local > GA
  • 45 degree- lateral recumbancy
  • Left flank
  • Incision- angled 15cm, thin layers
  • Care of spleen
  • Gentle tissue handling
42
Q

When should foetal membranes normally pass by?
What is the protocol of retained?

A

Normally passed 1-3 hours
Retained >6 hours
* Gentle pull
* Oxytocin
* Systemic check- T

43
Q

What peri-parturitent complications can happen?

A
  • Retained membranes
  • Uterine torsion
  • Vaginal prolapse
  • Uterine prolapse
  • Mastitis
  • Endometritis
44
Q

How should diarrhoea be treated in crias?

A

Fluids
Oral: care with sodum
IV if very watery diarrhoea
Milk

Year 4 Livestock and One Health (58 decks)

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