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Year 4 Livestock and One Health > Ophthalmology > Flashcards

Ophthalmology Flashcards

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1
Q

How is an eye examined in cattle?

A
  • Restrain in a crush and tie head round with halter
  • Consider sedating if restraint inadequate
  • Perform an auricopalpebral block
  • Amethocaine?
  • Local?
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2
Q

What primary diseases commonly affect cattle eyes?

A
  • Infectious bovine kerato-conjunctivitis (new forest eye, pinkeye)
  • Bovine iritis- silage eye
  • Squamous cell carcinoma- cancer eye
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3
Q
  1. What causes new forest eye?
  2. How does it present?
  3. How is it treated?
A
  1. Morexella bovis
  2. Lacrymation, blepharospasm, keratitis, ulcer
  3. Tx
    * LA eye ointment- cloxacillin every other day
    * Sub- conjunctival injection- oxytet, amoxycillin
    * Suture- 3rd eyelids or eyelids only
    * Eye patches
    * Keep indoors
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4
Q

What are risk factors for pink eye in cattle?

A
  • Flies
  • Woodland
  • Dust
  • Chaff
  • UV light
  • ‘virus pneumonia’
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5
Q

How is new forest disease prevented in cattle?

A
  • Fly control- ear tags, pour-on, permethrins
  • Graze from woodlands
  • Ventilation and fly control outside
  • Vaccine- USA
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6
Q
  1. What is bovine iritis also known as?
  2. What is it associated with?
  3. What are the clinical signs?
A
  1. Silage eye
  2. Big bale silage feeding, winter
  3. CS
    * Early cases- constricted pupul
    * Patchy or multiple areas of corneal opacity
    * Glaucoma
    * White flocules in anterior chamber
    * Later- vascularisation
    * Negative to fluorescin

Pathology
Uveitis, hypersensitivity?, listeria?

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7
Q

How is bovine iritis treated?

A

ABs alone ineffective
Sub-conjunctival injection:
* Atropine
* Dexamethasone
* ± AB

22G needle

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8
Q

What breeds are predisposed to SCC?
What other factor is known?

A

Herefords

UV exposure

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9
Q

How are SCC treated?

A

Invasive: remove- may recur

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10
Q

When should enucleation be considered?

A
  • Eyes recover well- give time
  • Some clients want to get on
  • Warn about handling
  • Same approach as SA
  • Sedation, local
  • Retrobulbar/Peterson block
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11
Q
  1. What are likely causes of FBs?
  2. What can it lead to?
  3. How is it treated?
A
  1. Grass seeds, straw
  2. Keratitis
  3. Remove- Local
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12
Q

What is secondary eye disease?

A
  • Eye lesions as a feature of a specific disease
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13
Q
  1. What is malignant catarrhal fever associated with?
  2. How does it present?
A

Sheep or wildebeest
* Ovine herpes virus 2

‘Head and eye form’
Persistent pyrexia
Depressed- encephalitits
Nasal and mouth erosions
Lympg nodes enlarged
Resp signs
Diarrhoea

Seology ELISA

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14
Q

What are the eye lesions caused in MCF?

A
  • Conjunctivitis
  • Eyelid oedema
  • Blepharospasm
  • Corneal opacity- centripetal
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15
Q

What is the differential for MCF?
How can it be distringuished?

A

Blue tongue virus
* Inflammation of the mms- congestion, swelling and haemorrhages
* Sheep worst affected
* Cattle and goats do not show CS

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16
Q
  1. What causes infectious bovine rhinotracheitis?
  2. What can cause recrudescence?
  3. How can it be diagnosed?
  4. How can it be prevented?
A
  1. Herpes virus- BHV-1
  2. Latent carriers (trigeminal ganglion), recrudescence
  3. Serology (ELISA), Swabs (immunofluorescence)
  4. Intra-nasal or IM, marker vaccine
17
Q

What are the clinical signs of IBR?

A
  • Pyrexia- 41 degrees C
  • Conjunctivitis
  • Corneal oedema
  • Nasal lesions and discharge
  • Severe milk drop
18
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of listeriosis?

How is it treated?

A
  • Infection via V or VII nerve to brain
  • Encephalititis
  • Circling disease

Unilateral facial paralysis
Depressed
Menace test- retraction

Treatment- oxytet or penicillins

65% recovery

19
Q

What generalised disease can cause eye lesions?

A

BVD- cataracts
* can be +ve/-ve

Septicaemia- hypopyon

Endotoxaemia- injected conjunctiva

20
Q

When might the two following conditions be seen?

A

Left- sunken eye- dehydration

Petechiae- septicaemia/endotox/post-dystokia

21
Q

What can cause blood in the anterior chamber?

A

Bracken poisoning

22
Q

What can cause acquired blindness?

A
  • CCN
  • Lead poisoning
  • Vitamin A deficiency
  • Twin lamb disease- sheep
23
Q

What causes CCN?
How is it diagnosed?

A
  • Thiamine (vit B1) deficiency
  • Young growing cattle
  • Dietary change
  • Production in rumen

Diagnosis
* PME- brain fluoresces under UV

24
Q

What are the signs of CCN?

A
  • Early- star gazing
  • -ve menace test
  • +ve pupillary response
  • Nystagmus and convulsions
  • Opistothonus
25
Q

How is CCN treated?

A
  • IV thiamine every 3-4 hours
  • Diet
  • Monitor rest of group
26
Q
  1. What agents cause lead poisoning?
  2. What are the clinical signs?
  3. How is it treated?
  4. What else needs to be done?
  5. How is it diagnosed?
A
  1. Bateries, lead paint
  2. Dilated pupils, tremors and convulsions
  3. Sodium calcium edetate
  4. Inform DVM- withdrawal
  5. lead in kidney and history
27
Q
  1. Whis is affected by vitamin A deficiency?
  2. What are the clinical signs?
A
  1. Growing cattle indoots- roots and straw diet
  2. Night blindness, -ve menace, dilated pupils, oedema of optic disk
28
Q
  1. Whis is affected by vitamin A deficiency?
  2. What are the clinical signs?
A
  1. Growing cattle indoots- roots and straw diet
  2. Night blindness, -ve menace, dilated pupils, oedema of optic disk

Year 4 Livestock and One Health (58 decks)

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