Respiratory Disease in Cattle: Management

Question 1

What influences whether an animal is treated?

Answer 1

• Consider pathology
• Casualty slaughter
• Fallen stock options

Question 2

What short term managment/treatment can be used?

Answer 2

• ABs
• NSAIDs
• Nursing
• Isolation/reduce numbers
• Contact-stocking

Question 3

What are medium and long term prevention options for respiratory disease?

Answer 3

• Colostrum and nutrition
• Improve the environment
• Vaccines

Question 4

What can influence decision on how many animals to treat with ABs for secondary bacteria?

Answer 4

Single individual animal affected
Group of affected animals
* Only those affected- take temperatures daily
* Whole group >25% affected

Question 5

What influences AB drug choice?

Answer 5

• Spectrum of activity
• Ease of admin
• Long acting- repeat dose
• Licencing/cascade
• Cost

Question 6

What classes of ABs are more commonly used for respiratory disease?

Answer 6

• Oxytet- terramycin, engemycin
• Betalactams- penicillin, cephalo
• Florfenicol
• Macrolides
  Tolmicosin- micotil (vet only)
  Tulathromycin- draxin
  Gammitrhomycin- zactran
  Tildipirosin- zuprevo
• Fluoroquinolones- high priority (don’t use)

Question 7

What are the different actions of NSAIDs?
What are the different drugs?

Answer 7

Pain relief, antipyretic, improve well being and appetite
* Flunixin
* Meloxicam
* Ketoprofen
* Carprofen

Question 8

How is the maximum benefit of vaccines achieved?

Answer 8

• Administered before the risk period
• Store correctly
• Use correctly
• Age of administration
• Dispose of surplus

Question 9

What polyvalent vaccines are available for respiratory disease?

Answer 9

• Bovipast- inactivated bobine resp syncytial virus, inactivated parainfluenza 3, in activated manhaemia
• Rispoval 3- PI3, BRSV, BVDV
• Rispoval 4- BRSV, PI3

Question 10

How can IBR vaccines be non-markers to show the animal has been naturally or non-naturally immunised?

Answer 10

• Antibodies are different to those produced against the intact virus
• Can be differentiated on serology

Question 11

What are the live and dead vaccine principles of IBR?

Answer 11

Live
* cell mediated immunity
* can use in the face of infection
* Intranasally- follow with systemic 3 months later

Dead- inactivated
* provokes antibody levels
* reduces shedding
* Useful in eradication programmes

Question 12

What autogenous vaccines are available for bovine respiratory disease?

Answer 12

Mycoplasma
Salmonella

Question 13

1. What should environment humidity be under?
2. What should the airspace be for a <2mo, >2mo, >6mo calf?
3. What should the maximum calves per airspace be?
4. What should the max spread of ages in a group be?

Answer 13

1. <80%
2. <2mo >6m/calf, >2mo >10m/calf, >6mo >15m/calf
3. Max 30 calves
4. 2 weeks spread of ages

Question 14

What size of inlet/outlet should there be per calf on a monopitch building and on a pitched roof building?

Answer 14

Monopitch- 0.25m squared per calf

Pitched roof
* inlet- 0.05m squared per calf
* outlet- 0.04m squared per calf
* Outlet at least 1.5m above inlet

Question 15

What is the LCT of a calf <3wo, >3wo

Answer 15

Under 3 weeks old
* 10-15 degrees

Over 3 weeks old
* 6-10 degrees