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Year 4 Livestock and One Health > Mastitis: Mastitis Control > Flashcards

Mastitis: Mastitis Control Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 methods of monitoring/investigating mastitis?

A
  1. In parlour- fore milking, CS
  2. Clinical case records
  3. Somatic cell counts
  4. Bulk tank bactoscan
  5. Bacteriology
  6. Multiplex PCR
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2
Q

What is the benefit of PCR over bacteriology for mastitis?

A
  • Higher %
  • Some never grow in culture
  • Higher aetiological agent recovered
  • Mixed infection more commonly identified
  • Culture-negative samples can be detected
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3
Q

How can mastitis be monitored in parlour?

A
  • Fore milking
  • Visual changes in the udder/cow
  • Teat/udder feel
  • Cow response to palpation
  • Californian mastitis test
  • In line detectors- filters, electrical conductivity
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4
Q

What can be found on clinical exam with mastitis?

A

Palpate udder, supramammary lymph nodes, teat ends

Mammary signs of systemic disease
* Photosensitisation
* Mycoplasma wenyonii

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5
Q

What can be monitored on clinical case records for mastitis?

A

Number of clinical cases per 100 cows/year
* target < 30

Annual incidence- % herd affected
Reccurence rate
Seasonality
Stage of lactation
Milking cow tube usage per 100 cows per year < 140

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6
Q

When is mastitis most common annually?

A

Highest in winter

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7
Q

What can individual cell counts show?

A
  • Monthly average- outbreaks of infection
  • Rolling average- sub clinical infection trend
  • Seasonality
  • Age
  • Severity of problem
  • Identifies high cell count in herd- identified chronically infected
  • Stage of lactation
  • Plan strategies for individual problem cows
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8
Q

How can SCC be interpreted?

A
  • Under 100,000 infection likely
  • 100-200,000- likely 1/4 infected with minor pathogen
  • Over 200,000- infected quarter with minor pathogen

No real relationship with SCC and mastitis- different pathogens have different effects

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9
Q
  1. What pathogens are likely to cause high herd cell count?
  2. What are ‘quick’ fixes for high SCC?
A
  1. Strep aureus, strep aureus, strep agalaciae, strep dysgalactiae
  2. Prevent milk from entering tank, identify them, dump milk, tail tape, treat
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10
Q

What is the treatment plan for chronic high cell count cows?

A

Identify pathogen- C&S
Treat during lactation
* Extend courses of intra-mammry therapy for Staph aureus and Strep uberis
* Systemic tylosin, penethamate
* Miniblitz- all high cell count cows together and treat together

Dry off and treat- better bacteriological cure rate
* Dry cow intra-mammary AB anf systemic AB

Cull chronicall infected, older cows

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11
Q

What is bactoscan?

A

Actual count of bacterial numbers in milk
* Bacteria growing in milking plant
* High levels of mastitis
* Dirty udders/teats

Carried out by milk processor
Hygenic quality of the milk
Measured weekly

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12
Q

What can cause a raised bactoscan problem?

A
  • Poor housing hygiene
  • Poor premilking teat preparation
  • High levels of mastitis on the farm
  • Poor plant cleaning
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13
Q

What is bulk milk bacteriology useful for?

A
  • Very useful for identifying problems in herds with too high bactoscan
  • Useful in first line investigation
  • Milk from mastitic cows may not be included
  • Transport on ice
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14
Q

What does bulk tank bacteriology expose?

A
  • Total bacterial count
  • Cell count
  • LPC thermoduric count and pseudomonas
  • Coliform count
  • Total staphlococcal count
  • Straph aureus
  • Identify other pathogenic bacteria

LPC is lab pasturisation count

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15
Q

What are the main problems of individual cow bacteriology?

A
  • Contaminated samples
  • Some pathogens only intermittently shed
  • No growth cow- had AB treatment
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16
Q

How should a milk sample be collected?

A
  1. Wear gloves
  2. Clean and disinfect and dry the teat
  3. Discard 10-15ml of foremilk
  4. Clean each teat end and orifice for 15-20 seconds- 70% alcohol
  5. Sample close teats then far away ones to avoid contamination
  6. Keep the sample container as close as possible to the horizontal
  7. Teat-dip afterwards
17
Q

How can bacteriology be interpreted?

A
  • Pure growth of bacteria- causal- good technique
  • Major pathogen and minor- major causal
  • More then three bacteria- contaminated sample
  • No growth- intermittent shed (S. aureus)
18
Q

What is the 5 point plan for mastitis control?

A
  1. Post milking teat disinfection
  2. Dry cow therapy
  3. Prompt treatment of clinical cases
  4. Cull chronic cases
  5. Maintain and use milking machine properly
18
Q

What is the 5 point plan for mastitis control?

A
  1. Post milking teat disinfection
  2. Dry cow therapy
  3. Prompt treatment of clinical cases
  4. Cull chronic cases
  5. Maintain and use milking machine properly
19
Q

What parlour routine should be implemented to control mastitis?

A
  • Wear gloves
  • Milking order/managment of high cell cows
  • Fore-milking
  • Pre-milking teat disinfection
  • Ensure good milking machine function
  • Post-milking teat dipping
  • Post-milk loafing time
  • Maintain good teat condition
20
Q

What are contagious mastitis causing pathogens?

A
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Streptococcus agalactiae
  • Streptococcus dysgalactiae

Cow to Cow during milking

21
Q

How can staphylococcus aureus be treated?

A
  • Treat for longer periods
  • Base on C&S
  • If near end of lactation- dry of early
  • During lactation- extend therapy- 5-8 days of intramammary ABs, ± systemic
  • Cull chronic
22
Q
  1. What is the source of E.coli
  2. When does it cause infection?
  3. How can it be managed?
A
  1. Faeces, bedding
  2. Dry period and early lactation
  3. Housing, hygiene and comfort, pre-milking teat disinfection, loafing times, dry cow managment, vaccine?
23
Q
  1. What is the source of streptococcus uberis?
  2. When does it cause mastitis?
  3. How is it managed?
A
  1. Environmental pathogen bedding manure
  2. Dry period, early lactation- persistent infections
  3. Housing, premilk disinfeciton, parlour hygiene, loafing, effective therapy, dry cow managment, vaccine?
24
Q

What records do you need for a mastitis investigation?

A
  • Clinical cases
  • Tube usage
  • Bulk tank SCC
  • Bulk tank bactoscan
  • Individual cell count records

Bacteriology

25
Q

What should be analysed when investigating mastitis problem?

A
  • No of clinical cases
  • % herd affected
  • Recurrence rate
  • Seasonality
  • Stage of lactation
  • Numbers of heifer calving down with high SCC
  • % protected in dry period
  • % treated in dry period
26
Q

What nutrition is worth investigating for mastitis problems?

A
  • Dry cow nutrition
  • Mineral status
  • Evidence of NEB
  • Evidence of SARA
  • Milk fever problems

Year 4 Livestock and One Health (58 decks)

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