Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 4 Livestock and One Health > Mastitis: Teat Lesions and Disease > Flashcards

Mastitis: Teat Lesions and Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is the problem with teats?

A
  • They are vulnerable to being trodden on
  • Damage can allow colonisation of bacteria
  • Can be painful causing difficult lesions, prevent calf suckling
  • Can be sign of systemic disease- photosensitisation
  • Damage by milking disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are infectious diseases that can affect teats?

A
  • Warts: bovine pappillomatosis
  • Pseudo cowpox
  • Bovine herpes mammilitis
  • Black spot
  • Cow pox
  • Udder impetigo
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What non-infectious diseases can affect teats?

A
  • Hyperkeratosis
  • Photosensitisation
  • Chapped teats
  • Cut teats
  • Teat peas
  • Teat stenosis
  • Blind teats
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are important history points when investigating teat disorders?

A
  • Age- teat warts, young heifers
  • One or several animals
  • Painful
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  1. What condition does the following image show?
  2. What general age of animal are affected?
  3. What may be involved in transmission?
  4. What is the problem with this?
  5. How can it be treated?
A
  1. Bovine pappilloma virus
  2. Seen in young animals
  3. Flies may be involved in transmission
  4. Harbour bacteria- predispose to mastitis- poor liner attachment
  5. Most self cure with time- can remove with ligation, surgery, cryosergery, autogenous vaccine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  1. What condition does this image show?
  2. How is it treated?
A
  1. Pseudocowpox- parapox virus
  2. Treated through PMTD

Not particularly painful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  1. What condition does this show?
  2. What causes it?
  3. How long does it take to heal?
  4. How long does immunity last?
A
  1. Bovine Herpes Mammillitis
  2. Bovine Herpes Virus 2
  3. Slow- weeks
  4. Life long immunity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  1. What disease is this?
  2. What kind of virus causes it?
  3. When did it last occur in the UK?
A
  1. Cow pox
  2. Orthopox virus
  3. 1978

Transmitted by cats
Painful vesicles, ulcers, swabs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  1. What disease is this?
  2. What causes this disease?
  3. How is it treated?
  4. What should be checked?
A
  1. Black spot
  2. Teat end eversion, from excess vaccum plus seccondary infection with fusobacterium necrophorum
  3. Topical antibiotics, teat cannula
  4. Check milking machine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  1. What does udder or teat impetigo cause?
  2. What pathogen usually causes it?
  3. How is it controlled?
A
  1. Pustular lesions teat and udder skin
  2. Usually staph aureus
  3. PMTD, antiseptic udder creams
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is given to photosensitisation and sunburn cases of teats?

A

Treatment- general supportive- remove from light
NSAIDs
Sunblocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  1. What causes chapped teats?
  2. How is it treated?
A
  1. Worn teat liners, poor teat skin care, calf suckling
  2. Emollients, teat cannula to rest
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the three fold rule of teat dips?

A
  • Pre-milking to remove organisms from teat skin that may enter the udder via teat during milking- environmental pathogens
  • Post-milking to kill bacteria on the teat after milking and protect teat from new infections from the environement- contagious, teat skin pathogens
  • Condition teat skin to withstand disinfectants and milking machine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the different constituents of teat dips?

A

Disinfectants- variety
* Iodine
* Chlorhexidine
* Lactic acid
* Chlorine dioxide
* Ammonium compounds
Emollients- for skin condition
Dye?
‘Sticking’ agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How can teat dips be applied?

A

Can be premixed, concentrated and diluted by farmer
Applied
* Dip pot
* Spray- manual, automatic
* Cluster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  1. What is a teat pea?
  2. How is it treated?
A
  1. Pedunculated granuloma attached to wall of teat canal that blocks the flow of milk
  2. Removal by hudsons spiral inserted by rotating up teat canal then jerk upwards to tear granuloma off then milked out
    Mosquito forceps up canal to tear off
    Must give prophylactic antibiotics
    Sedate, cannulate, open up the teat wall, suture
17
Q
  1. What is teat stenosis usually secondary to?
  2. How is it treated
  3. What is the prognosis?
  4. How are blind teats treated?
A
  1. Usually sequelae to trauma
  2. Treated by local anaesthesia, sedation insert small teat knife and rotate
    Rest teat with cannula and IM ABs for 3-5 days
  3. Prognosis guarded as scar tissue may reform
  4. If milk in teat then treat as above
18
Q

How should cut teats be approached and treated?

A
  • Examine carefully- sedate in crush, lift leg for foot trimming
  • Superficial- skin only then tape/glue
  • Deeper wounds- local teat lumen block or ring block
  • Clean and debride
  • Suture with simple interupted 3 metric
  • Prognosis guarded
  • Always give prophylactic ABs
19
Q

How can the milking machine cause damage to teat skin allowing bacteria to colonise?

What can it lead to?

A
  • Worn/hard liners
  • Inadequate rest phase in pulsators, pulsators set too fast leads to poor circulation
  • Excess vaccum
  • Inadequate emmolient in post milking teat dip

Blue, oedematous petechiations or chapped teats

20
Q

What can cause teat end sphincter hyperkeratosis?

A
  • Excess vaccum
  • Fluctuating vaccums
  • Over milking
  • Faulty liners
  • Poor pre-milking teat preparation
21
Q
  1. When are supernumerary teats ideally removed in heifers?
  2. How can they be removed in animals under 2 months and in older animals?
A
  1. Ideally removed at the time of disbudding
  2. Sharp scissors without anaesthetic using sharp scissors under 2mo. Older animals with local and scissors or emasculators

Don’t get it wrong

Year 4 Livestock and One Health (58 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions