Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 4 Livestock and One Health > Small Ruminants: Diseases of Growing Lambs > Flashcards

Small Ruminants: Diseases of Growing Lambs Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
WSET ® Level 4 D2 Business of Wine flashcards
1
Q

What are the DDxs for diarrhoea in lambs?

A
  • Nematodirus battus
  • Parasitic gastroenteritis
  • Coccidiosis
  • Cryptosporidia parvum
  • Acidosis
  • Clostridium perfingens type B (lamb dysentery)
  • Clostridium perfringents type D (pulpy kidney)
  • E.coli
  • Salmonella
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  1. What causes cryptosporidiosis in lambs?
  2. When are outbreaks common?
  3. What are the clinical signs?
  4. How is it diagnosed?
A
  1. Protoza- C parvum (not host specific)
  2. Severe outbreaks end of lambing/calving/intensive systems
  3. Lambs 3-7 days old, diarrhoea profuse, dehydration
  4. Stain faecal smear C. parvum, PM histology, check E coli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is cryptosporidiosis treated and prevented/controlled?

A

Treatment
* Supportive: house sick animals, leave with dam
* Oral fluids
* Drug treatment- no licensed- off licence

Prevention/Control
* Reduce challange- use different fields/housing for lambing/calving, move to fresh pasture, newborn to clean pasture
* Improve hygiene
* Improve resiliance- lamb nutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  1. What is acidosis and what causes it?
  2. What are the sequalae?
A
  1. Sudden fall in rumen pH due to consumption of rapidly fermentable carbohydrate causing lactic acid production
  2. Rumenitis, metbolic acidosis, fungal rumenitis and death
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  1. What are the clinical signs of acidosis?
  2. How is it diagnosed?
A
  1. Sudden death, dull depressed reluctant to move, teeth grinding, colic, bloat, ataxic, recumbent. Dehydration, no rumen sounds, diarrhoea
  2. History and clinical signs, rumenocentesis pH <5.5, rumen liqour no live organs, PM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is acidosis treated?

A
  • IV fluids 7-10% dehydrates
  • Oral fluids by stomach tube
  • Multivitamina
  • Penicillin daily for 10 days
  • Hay
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  1. What can cause rumen bloat in sheep?
  2. Where can you see distention?
  3. What are your DDxs?
  4. How is treatment?
A
  • Grain, oesophageal obstruction, legumes
  • Left sided distention
  • DDxs- hypocalcaemia, abdominal castrophes, peritonitis, ascites, uroperitoneum
  • Stomach tube, dimeticone, consider rumen trochar
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  1. What are the clinical signs of lamb nephrosis syndrome?
  2. What is the cause?
  3. How is it diagnosed?
A
  1. Clinical signs- 2-12 weeks of age, older lambs tend to lose condition and have diarrhoea
  2. Cause- Unknown
  3. Raised urea and creatinine hyperkalaemia, decreased albumin globulin ratio and a metabolic acidosis
    PM pale and swollen kidneys are observed and demonstrate toxic tubular necrosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the signs of trace element deficiencies?
What is it associated with?

A

Non-specific clinical signs, can be difficult to diagnose, often growing
Associated with soil, pasture deficiencies or interactions with other elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What should be considered when investigating trace element deficencies?

A
  1. Consider other causes first i.e poor nutrition
  2. Which group of sheep to sample ie ewes/lambs
  3. When : grazing season
  4. Which samples to take
  5. Interpretation of results often a bit tricky
  6. Response to treatment often used
  7. Flock/group
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  1. What is cobalt a constituent of?
  2. What are the functions of cobalt
  3. What are the clinical signs of deficiency?

Ill thrift

A
  1. Consitiuent of B12, rumen synthesis of B12
  2. Red blood cell development, amino acid synthesis, energy metabolism
  3. Weight loss, anaemia, slow growth, debility, weight loss, watery eye discharge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is cobalt deficiency diagnosed and treated?

A

Diagnosis- Co/Vit B12 in blood and liver, response to Co therapy
Treatment-
Group, Co rumen boluses, oral drenches, B12 injections, Co in creep feed, pasture treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  1. What is the function of selenium
  2. What disease and symtoms can it cause?
  3. How is it diagnosed and treated?
A
  1. Anti-oxidant, immune function
  2. White muscle disease- ill thrift lambs, weakness, collapse, lame Poor reproductive performance ewe
  3. Diagnosis- blood sample, Treatment- oral injectable, bolus, selemium salts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When are iodine deifiencies seen in lambs?

A

New born lambs
Deaths, weakness illness in new born lambs
Lambs thyroid goitre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What causes chronic copper poisoning in sheep?

A
  • Ingestion over a period of time
  • Stored in liver lysosomes, capacity suddenly released into circulation
  • Maybe precipitated by stress
  • Intravascular haemolysis and jaundice
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  1. What are the clinical signs of copper poisoning?
  2. How is it diagnosed?
  3. How is it treated?
A
  1. CS- ataxic, headpressing, jaundice, haemoglobulinuria, recumbancy and death
  2. Dx- history and clinical signs and PM
  3. Tx- sodium calcium EDTA, supportive therapy, group, remove feed source, molybedenum and sulphur added to water
17
Q

What agents can cause respiratory disease in lambs?

A

Pneumonia-
resp viruses, PI3, RSV
bacteria- mycoplasma spp, manheimia haemolytica, pasturella multocida
Lung worm-
Dictylocaulaus filaria, lambs at pasture

18
Q

What causes pneumonic pasturellosis?

A

Mannhaemia haemolytica

present in nasopharanx- causes disease when enters lungs- disease/stress

18
Q

What causes pneumonic pasturellosis?

A

Mannhaemia haemolytica

present in nasopharanx- causes disease when enters lungs- disease/stress

19
Q
  1. What are the clinical signs of mannhaemia haemolytica?
  2. What does PM show?
  3. What is the treatment?
  4. How can it be prevented?
A
  1. Pyrexia, mucopurulent nasal discharge, cough, increased respiratory rate, depth, dyspnoea, death
  2. Typical AV consolidation, culture
  3. Treatment- oxytet, amoxicillin, 5-7 days
  4. Consider at group risks- metaphylactic treatment, watch for signs. Vaccination helps- heptavac P
20
Q
  1. What mycoplasma commonly causes pneumonia in sheep?
  2. What are the clinical signs?
  3. How is it diagnosed?
  4. What is the treatment
  5. What is the prevention?
A
  1. Mycoplasma ovinpenumoniae
  2. Cough, slight nasal discharge, increased resp rate and depth, dyspnoea- chronic
  3. History, clinical signs, BAL, PM
  4. Oxytet, macrolides
  5. Ventillation, hygiene, stocking rates, risk factors
21
Q

What usually causes lung abscesses?

A

Chronic suppurative pneumonia- usually individual
Secondary to pneumonia- A pyogenes, M haemolytica, P multocida

Prognosis poor

22
Q
  1. What lung worms can affect lambs?
  2. When are they affected?
  3. What are the clinical signs
  4. Diagnosis?
  5. Treatment?
A
  1. Dictyocaulus filaria, muellerius capillaris
  2. Summer/autumn- lambs at pasture
  3. Coughing, increased resp rate, depth dyspnoea
  4. Baerman test- larvae
  5. Anthelmintics, ABs, NSAIDs, supportive
23
Q

What are the differentials for a few lambs not growing well?

A

Low birth weight
Border disease
Congenital problem
Neonatal/chronic infection
Inadequate milk diet

24
Q

What are the differentials for a group of lambs growing poor?

A
  • Inadequate nutrition
  • Parasitic disease- anthelmintic resistance
  • Trace element deficiencies
  • Pneumonia
  • Lamness
  • Orf, scab
25
Q

What history should be taken for lambs with poor growth?

A
  • Main clinical signs
  • Time of year
  • Breed
  • Expected growth rate
  • Current growth rate
  • Singles, twins, triplets
  • Diet
  • Signs of disease
  • Worming history
  • Coccidiosis history
  • Trace element treatments
26
Q

What should be investigated for poor growth?

A
  • Clinical exam
  • Grazing- set stock grass (6-8cm height)
  • Work out growth weights
  • Samples- FEC
  • Abbatoir feedback
  • PM any dead
27
Q

When should weight in lambs be monitored?

A

8 week growth rates- 300-500g day
Weaning weight growth- 300-500g day
Sale weights- 200-250g day

Year 4 Livestock and One Health (58 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions