Reproduction: Post Partum Disease Flashcards
What happens post patrum to cows to return to cyclicity?
- Involution (shrinkage) of uterus
- Regeneration of endothelium- necrotic slough and cotyledons
- Resumption of cyclicity- recover from NEB, 2 weeks post partum FSH increase
- Silent ovulation
What are reasons for failure of fertilisation and embryonic loss?
Failure of fertilisation
* AI technique/timing
* Oocyte quality/health
Uterine environment
Infectious agent- BVD, BHV1, lepto
Metabolic status/nutrition
Genetic abnormality of embryo
What problems can occur post calving?
- RFM
- Metritis/Endometritis
- Cystic ovarian disease
- Failure to resume cyclicity
- Abortion
What is the problems of RFM?
- Milk yield decreased
- Takes longer for involution of uterus
- Increased chance of uterine infection
What are consequences of uterine infection?
(metritis)
- Damage the uterus
- Suppress hypothalamic GnRH/pituitary LH
- Localised effects on ovarian function
What pathogens cause uterine infections?
- E coli
- Truperella pyogenes
- Dichelobacter nodosus
- Fusobacterium necrophorum
BoHV4
What are risk factors for uterine infections?
- Twins
- Dystocia
- Milk fever
- Abortion
- Inductin
- RFM
What is metritis?
An abnormally enlarged uterus and purulent uterine discharge detectable in the vagina
Within 21 days
What are the 3 grades of metritis?
Grade 1:
* Enlarged uterus- purulent uterine discharge no pyrexia/illness
Grade 2
* Puerperal metritis- overt systemic illness
Grade 3
* toxaemic metritis- signs of toxaemia
What is a pyometra?
How is it diagnosed and treated?
Accumulation of purulent material within the uterine lumen in the presence of CL and closed cervix
Diagnosis- enlarged uterus with pus and CL
Treatment
* PGF
What is endometritis?
Clinical endometritis: Presesence of purulent uterine discharge detectable in the vagina 21 days or more post partum
How can uterine discharge be scored?
0- clear or translucent
1- flecks of white or off-white
2- < 50ml exudate, over half white
3- > 50ml exudate, purulent or yellow, can be bloody
How does scoring influence likely bacteria and treatment success?
Lower the score lower pathogenic bacteria
Lower the score higher the increase of treatment success
What are the consequences of endometritis?
- Increased calving to first service
- Increased services per conception
- Increases calving to conception
What is sub-clinical endometritis?
What are the risk factors?
Immune cells in the uterus when flushed with saline or cytobrush
NEB, metritis
What causes a follicular cyst?
What affects treatment?
- Follicle cyst fails to ovulate- lameness, NEB, mastitis
- May produce oestradiol- behaviour- first half of life
- If CL >2cm at same time- treatment directed at CL
