Nutrition and GI: Cattle Parisitology Flashcards
What are the GI nematodes in the abomasum, SI and LI?
Abomasum
* Haemonchus contortus
* Ostertagia ostertagi
* Trichostrongylus axei
SI
* Nematodirus battus
* Trichostrongylus sp
* Cooperia
LI
* Chabertia
* Oesophagostomum
* Trichuris
PPP- 3 weeks
What parasites cause the following effects of PGE in cattle
1. Abomasal wall damage, raised pH of gastric juice, bacterial overgrowth
2. Damage to intestinal mucosa, impaired nutrition
- Ostertagiosis
- Cooperia
What animals are affected by PGE?
- First season dairy heifers
- Autumn born sucklers
- Spring born sucklers
How is PGE diagnosed?
- Grazing history and signalment
- Clinical signs and seasonality
- Plasma pepsinogen- ostertagiosis
- FEC- not for type II ostertagiosis
- PM
- Antibody ELISAs
Describe the life cycle of dictylocaulus viviparus?
- Adults in lungs lay eggs
- Eggs hatch- L1 coughed up and swallowed
- L1- L3 on pasture
- L3 ingested
- L3-L5 migration to lungs
What is the difference between epidemiology of GI worms and lung worms?
GI worms
* Ubiquitous
* GI worms long survival
* Progressive pasture infection builds
* Consistent, predictable annual disease pattern
Lungworm
* Lungworm infection not present on all farms
* Short survival
* Carrier animals main source
* Pasture infectivity rapidly builds
* Disease risk varies difficulty to predict
What is the patholgoy and clinical presentation of lung worm?
Prepatent phase
* L4 in alveoli- migrate towards bronchi
Patent phase
* Adult worms in larger airways
* Obstructive bronchitis, aspiration pneumonia, secondary bacterial infectoins
How is lungworm diagnosed?
- Signalment, history and clinical signs
- PM
- L1 in faeces- baerman
- ab ELISAs
- Bulk milk tank- >30% herd infected
Describe the life cycle of fasciola hepatica?
- Fluke migrate through liver and mature
- Eggs shed into bile
- Eggs to miracidium to snail
- Snail dies- cercaria to metacercariae
- Ingested- migrate to liver
What cause acute and chronic fasciolosis?
Acute:
* 2-6 weeks post infection
* Large ingestion, short period
* Juvenile fluke migrate throug parenchyma
* Tissue damage and haemorrhage
Chronic
* 10-12 weeks post infectino
* Adults in bile ducts
* Chronic anaemia, hypoalbuminaemia
* Bottle jaw
How is liver fluke diagnosed?
- Signalment, history and clinical signs
- Serum biochem- albumin, GLDH
- Fluke egg sedimentation- low sensitivity
- Copro-antigen ELISA
- Antibody ELISA
- PM/Abbatoir
What are yellow, clear and white drenches?
Yellow- 2- LVs- levamisole
Clear- 3- MLs- moxidectin
White- 1-BZs- albendazole
What is in the lungworm vaccination?
Irradiated L3
What is used to treat fluke?
Albendazole- adults (chronic disease)
Triclabendazole- GOAT- resistance
Clostantel- juvenile/adults
- Who are affected by cryptosporidium?
- What does it cause?
- How is it diagnosed?
- Young calves- 14-21 days
- Diarrhoea and dehydration
- History and clinical signs- faecal smear Ziehl Nielsen
Zoonosis