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Year 4 Livestock and One Health > Nutrition and GI: Cattle Parisitology > Flashcards

Nutrition and GI: Cattle Parisitology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the GI nematodes in the abomasum, SI and LI?

A

Abomasum
* Haemonchus contortus
* Ostertagia ostertagi
* Trichostrongylus axei

SI
* Nematodirus battus
* Trichostrongylus sp
* Cooperia

LI
* Chabertia
* Oesophagostomum
* Trichuris

PPP- 3 weeks

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2
Q

What parasites cause the following effects of PGE in cattle
1. Abomasal wall damage, raised pH of gastric juice, bacterial overgrowth
2. Damage to intestinal mucosa, impaired nutrition

A
  1. Ostertagiosis
  2. Cooperia
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3
Q

What animals are affected by PGE?

A
  • First season dairy heifers
  • Autumn born sucklers
  • Spring born sucklers
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4
Q

How is PGE diagnosed?

A
  • Grazing history and signalment
  • Clinical signs and seasonality
  • Plasma pepsinogen- ostertagiosis
  • FEC- not for type II ostertagiosis
  • PM
  • Antibody ELISAs
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5
Q

Describe the life cycle of dictylocaulus viviparus?

A
  • Adults in lungs lay eggs
  • Eggs hatch- L1 coughed up and swallowed
  • L1- L3 on pasture
  • L3 ingested
  • L3-L5 migration to lungs
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6
Q

What is the difference between epidemiology of GI worms and lung worms?

A

GI worms
* Ubiquitous
* GI worms long survival
* Progressive pasture infection builds
* Consistent, predictable annual disease pattern

Lungworm
* Lungworm infection not present on all farms
* Short survival
* Carrier animals main source
* Pasture infectivity rapidly builds
* Disease risk varies difficulty to predict

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7
Q

What is the patholgoy and clinical presentation of lung worm?

A

Prepatent phase
* L4 in alveoli- migrate towards bronchi

Patent phase
* Adult worms in larger airways
* Obstructive bronchitis, aspiration pneumonia, secondary bacterial infectoins

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8
Q

How is lungworm diagnosed?

A
  • Signalment, history and clinical signs
  • PM
  • L1 in faeces- baerman
  • ab ELISAs
  • Bulk milk tank- >30% herd infected
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9
Q

Describe the life cycle of fasciola hepatica?

A
  • Fluke migrate through liver and mature
  • Eggs shed into bile
  • Eggs to miracidium to snail
  • Snail dies- cercaria to metacercariae
  • Ingested- migrate to liver
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10
Q

What cause acute and chronic fasciolosis?

A

Acute:
* 2-6 weeks post infection
* Large ingestion, short period
* Juvenile fluke migrate throug parenchyma
* Tissue damage and haemorrhage

Chronic
* 10-12 weeks post infectino
* Adults in bile ducts
* Chronic anaemia, hypoalbuminaemia
* Bottle jaw

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11
Q

How is liver fluke diagnosed?

A
  • Signalment, history and clinical signs
  • Serum biochem- albumin, GLDH
  • Fluke egg sedimentation- low sensitivity
  • Copro-antigen ELISA
  • Antibody ELISA
  • PM/Abbatoir
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12
Q

What are yellow, clear and white drenches?

A

Yellow- 2- LVs- levamisole
Clear- 3- MLs- moxidectin
White- 1-BZs- albendazole

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13
Q

What is in the lungworm vaccination?

A

Irradiated L3

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14
Q

What is used to treat fluke?

A

Albendazole- adults (chronic disease)
Triclabendazole- GOAT- resistance
Clostantel- juvenile/adults

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15
Q
  1. Who are affected by cryptosporidium?
  2. What does it cause?
  3. How is it diagnosed?
A
  1. Young calves- 14-21 days
  2. Diarrhoea and dehydration
  3. History and clinical signs- faecal smear Ziehl Nielsen

Zoonosis

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16
Q

How is cryptosporidium treated and controlled?

A
  • Good hygiene practice
  • Reduce stocking density
  • Halofuginone- prophylaxis
  • Supportive- IVFT
17
Q
  1. What causes coccidiosis?
  2. What are the clinical signs?
  3. How is it diagnosed?
A
  1. Eimeria- bovis/zuernii
  2. Blood dysentry and tenesmus, chronic wasting, poor apetite
  3. History, clinical signs, PM, oocysts
18
Q

How is coccidiosis treated and controlled?

A
  • Reduce environment contamination- all in all out
  • Prophylaxis- decoquinate feed sup, toltazuril, diclazuril
  • Treatment- toltrazuril, diclazuril
  • Supportive if necessary
19
Q
  1. What is the definitive host of neospora?
  2. When does it cause abortions in cattle?
  3. What can it cause with vertical transmission?
A
  1. Dogs
  2. 3-9 months
  3. Persistently infected calf
20
Q

What disease do the following flies cause?
1. Hydrotea irritans
2. Muscidae
3. Cullicoides

A

Hydrotea irritans- summer mastitis
New forest eye- Muscidae
Cullicoides- BTV, schmallenberg

21
Q

How are biting and nuisance flies controlled?

A
  • Spot/pour on synthetic pyrethroidds
  • Tail bands/ear tages
  • Pasture managment
22
Q

What lice, mites and ticks affect cattle?

A

Lice
* Chewing- bovicola
* Sucking- linognathus

Mites
* chorioptes bovis
* psoroptes bovis
* Sarcoptes scabei

Ticks
* Ixodes ricinus

23
Q

What can be used to ectoparasites treatment and control?

A

Synthetic pyrethroids- lice
Group 3 MLs- lice and mites
Pour on chewing, injectables sucking

Year 4 Livestock and One Health (58 decks)

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