Dermatology: Bovine Dermatology

Question 1

Why is dermatology important?

Answer 1

• Welfare and productivity
• Indicate underlying conditions
• Biosecurity- sales
• Hide damage- hypoderma bovis
• Zoonoses

Question 2

Why are physical rub marks important and need preventing?

Answer 2

• Part of accrediation schemes, milk buyer contracts
• Indicative of environment/housing

Question 3

What can cause rub-mark injuries?

Answer 3

Cubicle design and bedding- hock, stifle, perlvic, spinal
Feed barroer- neck (reduced DMI)
Cleanliness

Question 4

What ectoparasites are more prominant in and outside?

Answer 4

Indoors
* Lice
* Mites

Outdoors
* Flies
* Ticks

Question 5

Where are cattle commonly affected by pediculosis?

What are the different types of chewing and sucking lice?

Answer 5

Mainly on back, neck, head and shoulders
* Prurutic

Sucking- ligognathus vituli, haematopinus eurysternus
* anaemia in young calves
* blood-borne pathogens

Chewing- bovicula bovis

Question 6

1. What mites can infect cattle in order from least to most pruritic?
2. Which is zoonotic?
3. What are the signs?
4. How it it diagnosed?

Answer 6

1. Chorioptes bovis, sarcoptes scabei, Psoroptes bovis
2. Sarcoptes
3. Pruritis, rubbing, hair loss- legs, feet, tail base, caudal surfafe- chorioptes and psoroptes
   Neck and face- sarcoptes
4. Skin scrapes- edge of lesion

Question 7

What can be used for ectoparasite treatements?

Answer 7

Lice
* SP- spot/pour- resistance found
* MLs- pour on/injectable

Mites
* SP- mange
* MLs- pour on chorioptic, psoroptic/sarcoptic inject

Question 8

What causes ringworm?
How is it treated and controlled?

Answer 8

Trichophyton verrucosum

• Clean and disinfect housing
• Turn animals out- UV
• Vaccine to reduce sensitivity
• Manual bathing
• Topical enilconazole

Question 9

What pathogen commonly causes pustular impetigo?

Answer 9

Staphylococcal infections
* Wounds
* Udder and perineum
* Poorly applied ear tags

Question 10

1. What pathogen commonly causes abscesses and cellulitis?
2. What is the aetiology?
3. How is it treated?

Answer 10

1. Actinobacilli- truperella pyogenes
2. LNs, penetrating injuries
3. Open and drain, ABs

Question 11

What causes lumpy jaw and wooden tongue?

Answer 11

Lumpy jaw- actinomyces bovis
Wooden tongue- actinobacillus ligniersii

Question 12

What causes rain scald?

Answer 12

Dermatophilus congolenis

Associated with wet weather
Apply topical disinfectant
Treat with oxytet
Move to dry

Question 13

When is bovine viral papillomatosis surgical removal indicated?

Answer 13

Self limiting
Penile and teat warts may need removal

Question 14

What can cause stomatitis and mamillitis?

Answer 14

Stomatitis
* Bovine papular stomatitis
* Systemic disease- mucosal disease, MCF, IBR
* FMD- pyrexia, depression and feet

Mamillitis- bovine herpes

Question 15

What nutrition can cause dermatology?

Answer 15

Trace elements/vit deficiencies
* Poor coat condition

Copper deficiency- poor growth, brown tinged coat with spectacles

Question 16

What are primary and secondary causes of photosensitisation?

Answer 16

Primary
* photodynamic agents in the diet- St John’s Wort

Secondary
* Liver damage and accumulation of phylloerythrin

Question 17

What can cause the following physical problems?
1. Rubbing
2. Wool break

Answer 17

1. Pruritis/irritation
2. Nutritional/condition/stress/systemic disease

Question 18

1. What causes sheep scab?
2. How is it diagnosed?
3. Where is it notifiable?
4. How is it treated?

Answer 18

1. Psoroptes ovis
2. Skin scraps on the edge of crusting lesion, microscopy with liquid paraffin, serum ELISA
3. Scotland
4. Whole flock, OP (diazinon), certain MLs, avoid housing and pastures for 17 days

Question 19

What lice infect sheep?

Answer 19

Bovicola ovis

generally incidental
heavy infestations may indicate underlying flock health issue

Shear
Chemical- SPs, 3MLs, Diazinon

Question 20

When is treatment of orf indicated?

Answer 20

Self limiting 1-4 weeks

• ABs indicated for secondary infections
• Scabivax- not for naive flocks

Question 21

What causes caseous lymphadenitis

Answer 21

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

Question 22

What are flies and ticks vectors for?

Answer 22

Flies
* New forest disease
* BVDv
* Summer mastitis

Tick Borne
* Babesiosis
* Q-fever
* Bluetongue
* Schamellenberg

Question 23

How are flies controlled?

Answer 23

• Inspection
• Risk forecast
• Topical treatments- SPs, IGR, MLs
• Insecticide- ear tags, tail bands
• Environmental- resudual spraying indoors, traps

Question 24

What are threats of foreign disease with dermatilogy?

Answer 24

• Aujeskys disease
• Besnoitiosis
• Lumpy skin