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VCE Biology > Second Line of Defence - Inflammatory Response & Complement System > Flashcards

Second Line of Defence - Inflammatory Response & Complement System Flashcards

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1
Q

What triggers inflammatory response?

A

Presence of pathogens that have breached First Line of Defence

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2
Q

Expain 1st stage in Inflammatory response

Trigger of reponse

A

Pathogens enter the body through a break in one the barriers of 1st line of Defence.

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3
Q

Explain 2nd stage in Inflammatory response

What is released by damaged cells

A

Damaged cells release cytokines, which enter the bloodstream and attract phagocytes to the area.

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4
Q

What are two types of Cytokines?

A

Interferons and chemokines

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5
Q

Explain 3rd stage of Inflammatory response

Mast Cell

A

Mast cells sit just below surface of skin and respiratory system. When damaged they release histamine

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6
Q

State and explain effects of Histamine

A
  • Vasodilation - increase in lumen size (blood vessel diametre) allowing more phagocytes to be directed to infection site
  • Increased vascular permeability - allows phagocytes to leak out of blood vessels towards infection site
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7
Q

Explain 4th stage in Inflammatory response

Phagocytosis

A

Neutrophils arrive first, carry out lots of phagocytosis and die. Shortly after macrophages and dendritic cells arrive to carry out phagocytosis as well.

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8
Q

Explain 5th stage of Inflammatory response

Aftermath

A

When all pathogens removed, macrophages release cytokines which reverse histamine effects and cause healthy cells to divide by mitosis. This seals the wound and replaes any dead/damaged cells.

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9
Q

What forms our Complement system?

A

Collection of proteins

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10
Q

About how many proteins are in complement system and where are they found?

A

Found in blood and bout 30 different proteins

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11
Q

Explain what happens when protein comes into contact with pathogen

A

Proteins start joining together forming membrane attack complexes

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12
Q

What are Membrane attack complexes?

A

Pores which are inserted into pathogen.

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13
Q

Explain Osmotic Lysis

A

When Membrane Attack Complexes cause water to rush into pathogen. Pathogen then bursts.

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14
Q

Explain Opsonisation

A

When Complement proteins stuck to pathogens increase visibility to phagocytes, increasing rate of phagocytosis

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VCE Biology (69 decks)

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