Bioethical Tools Flashcards
What are the 2 categories for Bioethics?
- Approaches
- Concepts
What are the 3 bioethical approaches?
- Consequence-based approach
- Duty/Rule-based approach
- Virtues-based approach
Consequence-based approach is most important
What are the 4 key terms to include when talking about a consequence-based approach?
- Outcomes
- Benefits
- Consequences
- Effects
What does consequence-based approach consider?
- Individual should be driven to consider consequences likely to result
- There is an aim to maximise positive outcomes
- Whilst also minimising negative effects
How might a consequence-based approach allow the breaking of rules?
- This approach emphasises circumstances of an action.
- Thus if benefits outweigh in the sense that greatest good can be achieved for greatest number of stakeholders then rules may be broken
What are the 4 key terms to include when talking about duty/rules-based approach?
- Obligation
- Duty
- Responsibility
- Commitment
What does duty/rules-based approach consider?
- Individual is driven by fundamental duty to act in a way.
- Aim to follow set-rules and responsibilities
- Less regard for consequences (good or bad).
How might a duty/rule-based approach enforce the following of rules?
- This approach argues that actions cannot be justified just because of good consequences
- Rules must be followed as they are obligation of individual and their commitment to conventions.
What are the 4 key terms to include when talking about a virtues-based approach?
- ANy reference to virtues
- Eg: Good, Morals, Honest, Caring, Charitable Humanity, etc.
What does virtues-based approach consider?
- Individuals driven by their character instead of fundamental rules or consequences
- Aim to emphasise moral nature of individual
- Act as a “morall good person would hope to achieve”
How might a virtues-based approach consider rules or consequences?
- Would not consider either rules or consequences
- An action can be justified simply for being good and morally righteous.
- Emphasis on virtues involved in decision making
What are the 5 Bioethical Concepts?
- Integrity
- Justice
- Beneficience
- Non-maleficience
- Respect
Describe Bioethical concept of integrity
Commitment to knowledge
* Encourages individuals to act honestly and truthfully
* Present all findings or results (regardless of favourability)
Describe Bioethical concept of justice
Commitment to fairness
* Encourages an individual to consider different people’s opinions and positions
* Acknowledge all aspects of an issue and then do the right thing
Describe Bioethical concept of Beneficience
Commitment to maximising benefits
* Encourages individuals to act in the benefit of others
* Considers all stakeholders