Bioethical Tools Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 2 categories for Bioethics?

A
  1. Approaches
  2. Concepts
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2
Q

What are the 3 bioethical approaches?

A
  1. Consequence-based approach
  2. Duty/Rule-based approach
  3. Virtues-based approach

Consequence-based approach is most important

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3
Q

What are the 4 key terms to include when talking about a consequence-based approach?

A
  • Outcomes
  • Benefits
  • Consequences
  • Effects
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4
Q

What does consequence-based approach consider?

A
  • Individual should be driven to consider consequences likely to result
  • There is an aim to maximise positive outcomes
  • Whilst also minimising negative effects
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5
Q

How might a consequence-based approach allow the breaking of rules?

A
  • This approach emphasises circumstances of an action.
  • Thus if benefits outweigh in the sense that greatest good can be achieved for greatest number of stakeholders then rules may be broken
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6
Q

What are the 4 key terms to include when talking about duty/rules-based approach?

A
  • Obligation
  • Duty
  • Responsibility
  • Commitment
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7
Q

What does duty/rules-based approach consider?

A
  • Individual is driven by fundamental duty to act in a way.
  • Aim to follow set-rules and responsibilities
  • Less regard for consequences (good or bad).
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8
Q

How might a duty/rule-based approach enforce the following of rules?

A
  • This approach argues that actions cannot be justified just because of good consequences
  • Rules must be followed as they are obligation of individual and their commitment to conventions.
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9
Q

What are the 4 key terms to include when talking about a virtues-based approach?

A
  • ANy reference to virtues
  • Eg: Good, Morals, Honest, Caring, Charitable Humanity, etc.
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10
Q

What does virtues-based approach consider?

A
  • Individuals driven by their character instead of fundamental rules or consequences
  • Aim to emphasise moral nature of individual
  • Act as a “morall good person would hope to achieve
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11
Q

How might a virtues-based approach consider rules or consequences?

A
  • Would not consider either rules or consequences
  • An action can be justified simply for being good and morally righteous.
  • Emphasis on virtues involved in decision making
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12
Q

What are the 5 Bioethical Concepts?

A
  1. Integrity
  2. Justice
  3. Beneficience
  4. Non-maleficience
  5. Respect
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13
Q

Describe Bioethical concept of integrity

A

Commitment to knowledge
* Encourages individuals to act honestly and truthfully
* Present all findings or results (regardless of favourability)

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14
Q

Describe Bioethical concept of justice

A

Commitment to fairness
* Encourages an individual to consider different people’s opinions and positions
* Acknowledge all aspects of an issue and then do the right thing

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15
Q

Describe Bioethical concept of Beneficience

A

Commitment to maximising benefits
* Encourages individuals to act in the benefit of others
* Considers all stakeholders

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16
Q

Describe Bioethical concept of non-maleficience

A

Commitment to minimising harms
* Encourages the prevention of harms or negative side-effects
* Considers all stakeholders

Opposite fo beneficience

17
Q

Describe Bioethical concept of respect

A

Commitment to consideration
* Consider value of others and other people’s wellbeing, welfare, beliefs, feelings, freedom and autonomy