Genetically Modified Organisms Flashcards

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1
Q

What are Genetically Modified Organisms?

A

Organisms whose genomes have been altered using genetic engineering technology

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2
Q

What are Genetically modified organisms often shortened to?

A

GMOs

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3
Q

Not all organisms genomes that have been altered are GMOs, why?

A

Any edited gene or DNA segment altered must be heritable

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4
Q

What are some examples of Genetic Modifications for GMOs

A
  • Inserting DNA
  • Removing DNA
  • Silencing Gene
  • Replacing nucleotides

Etc.

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5
Q

All Transgenic Organisms are what?

A

GMOs

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6
Q

What is a Transgenic Organism?

A

GMOs that had genome altered involving genetic material from different species

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7
Q

Are transformed bacteria containg recombinant plasmids GMOs or transgenic?

A

They are Transgenic organisms and hence are GMOs

All transgenic organisms are GMOs

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8
Q

Are transformed bacteria with non-recombinant plasmids GMOs or transgenic?

A

They are GMOs

Not transgenic

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9
Q

Are untransformed bacteria GMOs or Transgenic organisms?

A

Neither, there is no alteration to their genome

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10
Q

What are the 3 implications to be cosidered for GMOs?

A
  1. Biological Implications
  2. Social Implications
  3. Ethical Implications
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11
Q

What do Biological Implications refer to in terms of GMOs?

A

Impact on organism’s health

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12
Q

What could be some examples of positive and negative biological implications in GMOs?

A

Positive:
* Increased crop productivity
* Pesticide/insect resistance, increasing survival rate

Negatives:
* Can cause harmful side-effects to organism that may lead to disease/disorder/death

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13
Q

What do Social Implications refer to in terms of GMOs

A

Impact oh human lives

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14
Q

What could be some examples of positive and negative social implications in GMOs?

A

Positives:
* May help fight malnutrition or world hunger issues
* Crops received all year-round
* Crops able to be grown everywhere
* Increased nutritional value = benefits for societal health

Negatives
* Increase wealth inequality as attained GMO crops can be expensive
* Inaccessibility for some users due to strict laws and regulations

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15
Q

What do Ethical Implications refer to in terms of GMOs?

A

Implications to do with **rights and **

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16
Q

What could be some examples of positive and negative ethical implications in GMOs?

A

Positives
* Overall benefits that contribute to food accessibility, malnutrition and world hunger

Negatives
* May breach animal rights as altering and testing with animals without consent
* Using other organisms for human gain is inhumane
* GM patents can be considered unethical