Changing Genetic Makeup of Population - Introduction

Question 1

What is a gene pool?

Answer 1

Complete set of alleles in a population

Question 2

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 2

23

Question 3

What are chromosomes?

Answer 3

Tightly coiled up DNA

Question 4

Where do we get our chromosomes from?

Answer 4

Inherited from our parents (Mother and Father)

Question 5

What are 2 chromosomes that are similar sized called?

Answer 5

Homologous pair

Question 6

What is a population?

Answer 6

Interbreeding group of organisms of the same species living in the same location at the same time.

Question 7

What are alleles

Answer 7

The variations of genes are called alleles

Eg: Blue eyes, Brown eyes, Red Eyes

Question 8

Where are genes found on the homologous pair of chromosomes?

Answer 8

A particular gene will be found on same location on homologous chromosomes

Question 9

What is Allele frequency?

Answer 9

Frequency/proportion of an allele in a population

Question 10

How can allele frequencies in a population change over time?

Answer 10

Due to new mutations leading to new allele

Question 11

How does a mutation occur?

Answer 11

Change in DNA leads to change in mRNA leads to change in protein which forms a new allele

Question 12

Define a Mutation

Answer 12

A permanent change in the arrangement of bases in an individual gene or in the structure of chromosome

Question 13

What are the 2 types of Mutation?

Answer 13

• Point Mutation
• Chromosomal Mutation

Question 14

What is genetic equillibrium?

Answer 14

Allele frequency of a population stays the same

Question 15

List the 5 requirements for genetic equillibrium to occur

Answer 15

1. Random Mating
2. Large Population Size
3. No Gene Flow
4. No Mutations
5. No Natural Selection