DNA and RNA Flashcards
Full form of DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Full Form of RNA
Ribonucleic Acid
DNA and RNA are polymer chains made up of monomers called…..?
Nucleotides
How do Nucleotides look like?
A phosphate group (circle) connected to a sugar group (pentagon) connected to a nitrogenous base (rectangle)
Nucleotides join together to form strands through what process?
Condesnation Polymerisation Reaction
Water is formed as a biproduct
What is the difference between DNA nucelotide and RNA nucleotide?
A DNA nucleotide’s sugar group is called deoxyribose and has one less oxygen than an RNA sugar group which is called ribose
The covalent bond between a sugar group and phosphate group is called what?
Phosphodiester bond
What are the 4 DNA bases?
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine
What are the 4 RNA Bases
Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine and Guanine
Describe the shape and direction of a DNA molecule
DNA is double stranded molecule shaped as a double helix and the strands run anti-parallel to each other
What causes DNA between individuals to be different?
The different order of bases
What is the direction of each DNA strand?
Goes in a 5’ to a 3’ direction while the anti-parallel strand runs in an 3’ to a 5’ direction
How are the two DNA strands connected together in the middle?
Through Hydrogen Bonds
This gives DNA Double Helix shape
Describe the shape and direction of an RNA molecule
Runs in a 5’ to a 3’ direction and is single stranded
What are the 5 differences between DNA and RNA?
- DNA is double stranded while RNA is single stranded
- DNA has a base called Thymine, whilst RNA contains Uracil base instead of Thymine
- DNA contains one less oxygen than RNA in the sugar group (deoxyribose) while RNA has 1 more oxygen than DNA in th sugar group (Ribose)
- DNA is longer than RNA which is short