DNA and RNA Flashcards

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1
Q

Full form of DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

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2
Q

Full Form of RNA

A

Ribonucleic Acid

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3
Q

DNA and RNA are polymer chains made up of monomers called…..?

A

Nucleotides

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4
Q

How do Nucleotides look like?

A

A phosphate group (circle) connected to a sugar group (pentagon) connected to a nitrogenous base (rectangle)

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5
Q

Nucleotides join together to form strands through what process?

A

Condesnation Polymerisation Reaction

Water is formed as a biproduct

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6
Q

What is the difference between DNA nucelotide and RNA nucleotide?

A

A DNA nucleotide’s sugar group is called deoxyribose and has one less oxygen than an RNA sugar group which is called ribose

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7
Q

The covalent bond between a sugar group and phosphate group is called what?

A

Phosphodiester bond

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8
Q

What are the 4 DNA bases?

A

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine

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9
Q

What are the 4 RNA Bases

A

Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine and Guanine

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10
Q

Describe the shape and direction of a DNA molecule

A

DNA is double stranded molecule shaped as a double helix and the strands run anti-parallel to each other

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11
Q

What causes DNA between individuals to be different?

A

The different order of bases

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12
Q

What is the direction of each DNA strand?

A

Goes in a 5’ to a 3’ direction while the anti-parallel strand runs in an 3’ to a 5’ direction

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13
Q

How are the two DNA strands connected together in the middle?

A

Through Hydrogen Bonds

This gives DNA Double Helix shape

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14
Q

Describe the shape and direction of an RNA molecule

A

Runs in a 5’ to a 3’ direction and is single stranded

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15
Q

What are the 5 differences between DNA and RNA?

A
  • DNA is double stranded while RNA is single stranded
  • DNA has a base called Thymine, whilst RNA contains Uracil base instead of Thymine
  • DNA contains one less oxygen than RNA in the sugar group (deoxyribose) while RNA has 1 more oxygen than DNA in th sugar group (Ribose)
  • DNA is longer than RNA which is short
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16
Q

What type of molecules are DNA and RNA

A

DNA and RNA are information molecules

17
Q

What is a gene?

A

A gene is a section of DNA that codes for at least one protein

18
Q

What is the useless part of DNA called?

A

Junk DNA

19
Q

Describe a gene structure

A

Promoter Region (TATA Box) - Start Triplet - Introns and Exons alternatively arranged - Terminating Sequence

20
Q

What are eukaryotes and what is special about their gene structures?

A

Eukaryotes are organisms that have cells with nucleuses, and they all share this general gene structure

21
Q

What are the 3 types of RNA?

A
  1. mRNA (messenger RNA)
  2. rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
  3. tRNA (transfer RNA)