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VCE Biology > DNA Replication > Flashcards

DNA Replication Flashcards

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1
Q

Which 4 enzymes are involved in DNA replication?

A
  • DNA Helicase
  • DNA Polymerase
  • DNA Primase
  • DNA Ligase
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2
Q

What can DNA Polymerase do?

A

Accurately copy a DNA template

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3
Q

How does DNA Polymerase build a DNA strand

A
  • First DNA strand is unzipped and becomes single stranded
  • With help of other enzymes, it adds free nucleotides to DNA template
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4
Q

What type of cells contain DNA Polymerase?

A

All cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells) possess different versions of DNA Polymerase

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5
Q

What role does DNA Polymerase serve in the body?

A

Helps with replication and repair of DNA

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6
Q

Which direction does DNA Polymerase work in?

A

5’ to 3’ direction

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7
Q

What does DNA Polymerase require to attach to DNA strand and begin building DNA strand and why?

A

A primer (RNA) is needed.
DNA Polymerase can only add nucleotides to and existing strand, thus RNA acts as primer.

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8
Q

What is role of DNA Primase?

A

To attach short lengths of RNA that bind to DNA strand.
Enables DNA Polyemrase to attach and build strand.

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9
Q

What is the role of DNA Ligase?

A
  • To join together fragments/ends of DNA strands.
  • Acts as glue for DNA.
  • They form phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides to join strand.
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10
Q

Desrcibe the 1st process of DNA Replication

What happens to double helix?

A
  • The unfloding and unwinding of DNA double helix at replication origins
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11
Q

What are replication origins?

A

Various points along the chromosome where DNA is unwound and unfolded.

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12
Q

Describe 2nd step in DNA Replication

What happens to double strand?

A
  • Enzyme helicase separates the two DNA strands by breaking hydrogen bonds
  • The point of opening is called replication fork
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13
Q

Describe 3rd step of DNA Replication.

Primers

A
  • DNA Primase brings short strand of RNA.
  • This binds to DNA strand at points where DNA strand is separated.
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14
Q

Describe 4th step in DNA Replication.

Leading strand

A
  • The leading strand (5prime to 3prime) is synthesized continuously as DNA Polymerase can work in 5prime to 3prime direction.
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15
Q

Describe 5th step in DNA replication

Lagging strand - Part I

A
  • Lagging strand (3prime to 5prime) is synthesized discountinuously. It is built bcakwards.
  • Using an RNA Primer, DNA Polymerase synthesises a short section of DNA called Okazaki fragments.
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16
Q

Describe 6th step in DNA Replication

Lagging strand - Part II

A
  • When done, RNA primers are removed. DNA polymerase moves to next primer.
  • Gaps left by Polymerase are filled by DNA Polyemrase.
  • Segments of strands created are joined by DNA Ligase.

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