Protein Structure Levels

Question 1

How many different levels can proteins take?

Answer 1

4 different levels

Question 2

What are the 4 different levels of protein structure?

Answer 2

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quarternary

Question 3

Describe a primary protein structure

Answer 3

Linear sequence of amino acids

Question 4

What are the 3 secondary structures for proteins?

Answer 4

• α - helix
• β - pleated sheet
• Random coil

Question 5

Describe α - helix secondary protein structure

Answer 5

• Spiral shaped amino acid chain fortified by weak hydrogen bonds
• Elastic in nature (can be stretched). returns to original shape after being stretched.

Question 6

Describe β - pleated sheet secondary protein structure

Answer 6

• Triangular patterned amino acid chain fortified by weak hydrogen bonds.
• Represented through directional arrows.
• Cannot be stretched (already fully extended)

Question 7

Describe Random coil secondary protein structure

Answer 7

• Irregular shaped amino acid chain fortified by weak hydrogen bonds.
• It is most active region of molecule.

Question 8

Describe structure of tertiary proteins

Answer 8

Tertiary proteins have a unique shape consisting of primary and secondary amino acid chain sections

Question 9

Describe Structure of Quarternary Proteins

Answer 9

Multiple chains of amino acids (tertiary groups) joining together to form a larger unique shaped protein

Question 10

Which structure levels are non-functional (unpurposeful)

Answer 10

Primary and Secondary structure levels

Question 11

Which structure levels are functional (purposeful)

Answer 11

Tertiary and Quarternary structure levels

Question 12

What are the 4 types of bonds/interactions found in tertiary and quarternary structures?

Answer 12

• Hydrogen Bonds
• Ionic Bonds
• Disulphide bridges
• Interactions between hydrophobic and hydrophilic R groups

Question 13

What is the purpose of these bonds found within tertiary and quaternary structures?

Answer 13

To help the protein maintain it’s structure and give the shape stability

Question 14

What is a prosthetic group?

Answer 14

A group that is part of a protein but is not made of amino acids

Question 15

What is the importance of protein’s having a unique shape?

Answer 15

Each protein can fulfill it’s purpose due to it’s unqiue shape

Question 16

How does a DNA mutation affect the creation of a protein?

Answer 16

Creates a non-functional protein

Question 17

What determines the shape and folding of proteins?

Answer 17

The properties of the functional groups found on the amino acids

Question 18

Which amino acids generally face inside and outside

Answer 18

Hydrophobic amino acids face inwards while hydrophilic amino acids face outwards

Question 19

Which amino acids like to come closer towards each other during the folding process of proteins?

Answer 19

Hydrophobic proteins like to come towards each other. Acidic and Basic amino acids that hold polar charges also attract each other.

Question 20

A prosthetic group forms what type of protein?

Answer 20

Conjugated Protein

Question 21

What are peptides?

Answer 21

Linear sequences of amino acids shorter than 50 amino acids.