Active Immunity Flashcards
What does Active Immunity mean?
Body produces its own antibodies
What are the two types of Active Immunity?
- Natural Active Immunity
- Artificial Active Immunity
What does Natural active immunity refer to?
When person catches the pathogen (naturally) and fights it off to produce the body’s own antibodies
What are the terms for when the body first encounters a pathogen?
First Infection or Primary Infection
What is the term for the second/third… time the body encounters a pathogen
Secondary/Tertiary… infection
Describe the graph of antibody concentration in body during primary infection and secondary infection
- Antibodies appear after approximate 20 day delay for primary infection
- Secondary Infection produces many more antibodies than primary infection, and concentration of antibodies steeply increases few days after infection
Explain why the graph is much steeper for antibody concentration during secondary infection than primary infection
Very steep line indicates rapid division of Memory B-cells into lots of plasma cells, producing lots of antibodies. No symptoms arise.
What does Artificial Active Immunity refer to?
Pathogenic antigen is introduced into the body (artificially)
What is vaccination?
Purposefully administering pathogenic antigens to induce an immune response and create memory cells which will help fight the real pathogen when encountered
What are the 5 types of vaccination?
- Live attenuated Vaccines
- Inactivated or killed vaccines
- Inactivated toxin of bacteria
- Sub-units of bacteria or virus
- mRNA/DNA vaccines
Explain what a Live Attenuated vaccine is, and how good is it at creating memory cells?
- A weakened version of the pathogen is introduced into the body.
- It is still alive or partially functional
- Creates the most amount of Memory B-cells
Examples include: Measles, Rubella, Mumps, yellow fever, polio, etc.
State which people cannot receive Live attenuated vaccines
- Immunocompromised individuals
- Babies
- Very old people
- Preganant women
List which types vaccines can be accepted by all people
- Inactivated or killed vaccines
- Inactivated toxin of bacteria
- Sub-units of bacteria or viruses
- mRNA/DNA vaccines
What is an inactivated or killed vaccines. and how good are they at producing memory b-cells
- Pathogen is killed or made non-fucntional before introduced to body
- Produces fewer memory cells than live attenuated vaccine
Examples include: Polio, rabies, etc.
What is Inactivated toxin of Bacteria vaccine, and how good is it at producing memory cells?
- Bacterial toxin that is made non-fucntional (called toxoid) is introduced to body
- Produce fewer memory cells than live attenuated vaccine
Examples include: Diphtheria, tetanus, etc.