Inhibition of Enzymes, Cofactors and Activation Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

Why do Enzyme Inhibitors exist?

A

To help slow or stop enzyme controlled reactions

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2
Q

What is the first type of Enzyme Inhibition?

A

Competitive Inhibitors

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3
Q

What is a competitive Inhibitor?

A

A substrate that acts as a competitor with the substrate

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4
Q

What type of bonding do Competitive inhibitors possess with enzyme’s active site?

A

Weak bonding

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5
Q

Is competitive inhibtion temporary of permanent?

A

Temporary

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6
Q

How does a competitive inhibitor prevent substrate from binding with Enzyme

A

Competitive inhibitor binds to active site of enzyme and physically blocks the substrate from binding

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7
Q

How does Competitive inhibition affect rate of reaction

A

Slows down rate of reaction, but will eventually reach Max Rate

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8
Q

Why does rate of reaction reach the max rate even though competitive inhibitors are present?

A

With very high [sub], competitive inhibition can be overcome as the chance a substrate will bind to active site iis almost guaranteed.
Competitive inhibition is also reversible as high [sub] can push inhibitor out of active site due to weak bonding

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9
Q

What is the second type of inhibtion called?

A

Non-competitive Inhibtion

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10
Q

Where does the non-competitive inhibitor bind?

A

Allosteric Site

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11
Q

What is an allosteric site?

A

A binding site on enzyme that is not the active site

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12
Q

How does a non-competitive inhibitor prevent substrate from binding with enzyme?

A

Non-competitive inhibitor binds to allosteric site and changes the enzyme’s active site shape, resulting in denaturing.

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13
Q

Is non-competitive inhibition temporary or permanent

A

Permanent

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14
Q

Discuss rate of reaction with presense of non-competitive inhibitors

A

Non-competitive inhibition does not reache the same maximum rate as no inhibition, as inhibitor binds to different site as substrate. Rate of reaction wil be lower.

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15
Q

What is a cofactor?

A

Non-protein substances that assist enzymes to function

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16
Q

What are the two types of cofactors?

A

Coenzymes and Inorganic Cofactors

17
Q

What are coenzymes?

A

Non-protein organic molecules

Eg: ATP, NADH, vitamins

18
Q

What are Inorganic Cofactors?

A

Non-protein, non-organic substances

Eg: Metal ions, minerals

19
Q

How do cofactors assist enzymes in their function?

A

Cofactors increase the specifity of the substrate to the active site. Increases strength of binding between enzyme and substrate.
They can also provide atoms/matter or energy to enzyme to assist in catalysis of reaction.

20
Q

What are the two forms of coenzymes?

A
  1. High energy, loaded form
  2. Low energy, unloaded from
21
Q

Which 3 imporatnt Coenzymes aid in providing atoms/matter to enzymes?

A
  • NADP+/NADPH (Provide H)
  • NAD+/NADH (Provide H)
  • FAD+/FADH2 (Provide H2)
22
Q

Which important coenzyme aids in providing energy to enzymes?

A

ATP (Energy given through breaking of thirs phosphate bond)

23
Q

What is activation energy

A

The minimum amount of energy required for particles to take place in a reaction.

Refferring to heat energy

24
Q

How do enzymes affect activation energy?

A

Enzymes lower the activation energy so that more particles have the required energy to react

25
Q

How do enzymes affect rate of reaction in terms of activation energy

A

Enzymes lowering activation energy results in increased amount of product formed and speeds up reaction.

26
Q

What do enzymes do to lower activation energy?

A
  • They bring molecules closer to each other in active site
  • Most hydrophobic active sites allow hydrogen bonds and other interactions between substrates to occur
  • Amino acids in active site can take/donate H+ which can aid some reactions