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Physiology > resp 3- ventialtion and pressure changes > Flashcards

resp 3- ventialtion and pressure changes Flashcards

1
Q

what are static properties of the lung

A

mechanical properties when no air is flowing

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2
Q

why are static properties of the lung necessary

A

necessary to maintain lung and chest wall at a certain volume

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3
Q

what are the 4 static properties

A 
intrapleural pressure (PIP)
transpulmonary pressure (PTP)
static lung compliance
surface tension of lung
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4
Q

what are dynamic properties of the lung

A

mechanical properties when the lungs are changing volume and air is flowing in and out

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5
Q

why is dynamic lung properties necessary

A

necessary to permit airflow

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6
Q

3 dynamic properties of the lung

A

alvoelar pressure (PALV)
dynamic lung compliance
airway and tissue resistance

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7
Q

what is bulk flow

A

exchange of air between the atmosphere and the alveoli due to gas moving from high to low pressure

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8
Q

what is boyles law

A

pressure and volume are inversly proportional at contrant T

p1v1=p2v2

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9
Q

which direction does air flow when alveolar pressure is LARGER than atmospheric pressure

A

air flow out

expiration

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10
Q

which direction does air flow when alveolar pressure is SMALLER than atmospheric pressure

A

air flow in

inspiration

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11
Q

bulk flow formula

A

(alv.press. - atm.press)/resistance

change in pressure/ resistance

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12
Q

what are the pleurae

2 types

A

thin double-layered envelope

parietal and visceral

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13
Q

parietal pleura

A

covers thoracic wall (inside of rib cage)

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14
Q

visceral pleura

A

covers the external surface of the lungs

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15
Q

what does intrapleural fluid do

A

reduces friction of lungs against thoracic wall during breathing

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16
Q

what is lung elastic recoil (what does it do)

A

lung have a tendency to collapse

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17
Q

what determines lung volume

A

the interaction between the lungs and the thoracic cage

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18
Q

what is chest wall elastic recoil

A

pull thoracic cage outward

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19
Q

how does elastic recoil equilibriate

A

inward elastic recoil of lungs balances outward elastic recoil of chest wall

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20
Q

what is PIP (definition)

A

the pressure within the pleural cavity

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21
Q

what is PIP like

A

a vaccuum because it is always subatmospheric (negative pressure)

22
Q

what would happen if PIP=PALV

A

lungs would collapse

23
Q

what is PALV

A

the pressure of air inside the alveoli

24
Q

what is PALVs role

A

directly producing air flow, it is dynamic
it governs the gas exchange between lungs and atmosphere
maintain lung expansion in thorax

25
Q

what is PTP

A

force responsible for keeping the alveoli open

the pressure graident across the alveolar wall

26
Q

PTP formula

A

PTP=PAVL-PIP

27
Q

what does PTP determine

A

lung volume

28
Q

is PTP static or dynamic

A

static, it does not cause airflow

determines lung volume

29
Q

is PALV static or dynamic

A

dynamic, determines air flow

30
Q

flow formula

A

change in pressure/resistance

31
Q

what are the resistive forces in the airway

A

inertia (negligible)

friction

32
Q

how does friction affect the airway

A

lung tissue past itself during expansion
lung&chest wall tissue surface gliding past eachother (interpleural fluid significantly reduces friciton tho)
flow of air through the airways (80%!)

33
Q

when is airflow resistance more sensitive to changes in radius

A

when its not laminar

34
Q

what are the three different types of airflow

A

laminar, transitional, turbulent

35
Q

what is laminar airflow

A

little airflow resistance

36
Q

what is transitional airflow

A

resistance increases, extra energy to produce vertices

37
Q

where is most transitional airflow

A

bronchial tree

38
Q

where is most laminal airflow

A

small airways that are distal to terminal bronchioles

39
Q

what is turbulent airflow

A

where the effective resistance to airflow is the highest

40
Q

where is most turbulent airflow

A

in large airways (trachea, larynx, pharynx)
large radius
large linear air velocities

41
Q

what kind of airflow in small airways

A

laminar

42
Q

what kind of flow in trachea, larynx and pharynx

A

turbulent

43
Q

what kind of airflow in bronchial tree

A

transitional

44
Q

which kind of airflow does poiseuilles law

A

laminar flow

45
Q

what is poiseuilles law

A

R=viscocity x length / radius^4

46
Q

what is resistance to airflow most sensitive to (poiseuille)

A

change in radius

47
Q

what is the total airway resistance in healthy subjects usually

A

1.5cm H2O/(L/s)

48
Q

why is the resistance lower with bronchioles aligned rather than a few large ariways

A

because resistance in less in parallel than in a series

49
Q

where does COPD have a dramatic increase in resistance (or other diseases)

A

in the smalllll airways (<2mm diameter)

50
Q

why is there more resistance in small than large airways in disease states

A

smooth muscles contraction in walls
edema in walls of alveoli and bronchioles
mucus in bronchioles

Physiology (32 decks)

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