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Physiology > 1-GI tract > Flashcards

1-GI tract Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 major functions of the GI system?

A

digstion
absorption
excretion
host defense

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2
Q

how is blood supplied to the system? what is unusual about the blood circulatory pathway?

A

portal circulation, all the blood from the digestive tract empties directly into the liver

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3
Q

what is the role of the autonomic system in regulation of GI physiology?

A

not 100% necessary

motility and secretion (sight/smell/emotions)

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4
Q

what is enteric nervous system

A

intrinsic regulation

contained completely within the walls of the GIT

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5
Q

what is intrinsic innervation

A

enteric regulation

contained completely within the walls of the GIT

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6
Q

what is extrinsic innervation

A

autonomic nervous system
not 100% necessary
influences motility and secretion of gut (sight/smell/emotions)

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7
Q

what is the role of hormones in regulation of the GI processes

A

they participate in a feedback control system that regulate some aspect of the GI system

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8
Q

what is neurocrine

what do you call the substance

A

chemical messenger released from nerve travels across synapse and acts upon a post-synaptic synapse
neurotransmitter!!!!!

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9
Q

what is endocrine

what do you call the substance

A

chemical messenger from cell released to blood into (distant) target
hormone!!!!!!!!!

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10
Q

what is paracrine

A

chemical messenger diffuses through intestinal fluid to nearby cells

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11
Q

what is autocrine

A

chemical messenger acts on the same cell that produced it

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12
Q

what kinds of muscle activity occur in the GI tract

A

peristalsis and segmentation

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13
Q

what is basic electrical rhythm

A

pacemaker cells that undergo spontaneous depolarization/repolarization

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14
Q

what does the serosa do and what is it made of

A

connective tissue

encases intestine, forms connection point to abdominal wall

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15
Q

what does the myenteric plexus do

A

influences smooth muscle (inbetween the circular and longitudinal muscle)

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16
Q

submucosal plexus what do

A

influences secretion (between muscle, lymph and blood)

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17
Q

what is peristalsis/ which muscle contracts and relaxes

A

circular contracts & longitudinal relax on oral side

longitudinal contracts & circular relax on anal side

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18
Q

how does segmentation work

A

contraction and relaxation of intestinal sements with little net movement of contents towards large intestine

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19
Q

where is most segmentation occuring

A

small intestine

20
Q

where are slow waves propagated

A

circular and longitudinal muscle

21
Q

how are slow waves depolarized more significantly

A

neural or hormonal input to bring it closer to threshold

22
Q

what kind of cells release gastrin

A

g cells

23
Q

where are g cells

A

stomach antrum

24
Q

what do g cells release

A

gastrin

25
Q

what stimulates gastrin release

A

peptides in stomach, parasym. nerves

26
Q

what does gastrin cause

A

more HCl and motility

27
Q

what cells secrete secretin

A

s cells

28
Q

what do s cells secrete

A

secretin

29
Q

what causes secretin release

A

acid in small intestine

30
Q

what does secretin release cause

A

less HCl, less motility

increased HCO3- and H2O from pancreas abd bile

31
Q

what cells release GIP

A

k cells

32
Q

where are k cells

A

small intestine

33
Q

where are s cells

A

small intestint

34
Q

what causes GIP release

A

glucose or fat in small intestine

35
Q

what does GIP release cause

A

raise insulin

36
Q

what cells release CCK

A

I cells

37
Q

where are I cells

A

small intestine

38
Q

what causes CCK release

A

digested fat/ protein in small intestine

39
Q

what happens when CCK is relased

A

lower HCl and motility

more pancreatic enzymes and bile released

40
Q

what are long reflexes

A

come from brain, go to gut

41
Q

what are short reflexes

A

receptors through nerve plexus to effector cells within the GI tract

42
Q

what is exocrine

A

chemical messenger secreted into ducts then onto epithelial surface ( no blood )

43
Q

does the enteric system depend on the CNS

A

no, independent of CNS

44
Q

what is in the enteric system

A

myenteric plexus & submucosal plexus

45
Q

does the intrinsic system depend on the CNS

A

no, independent of CNS

46
Q

what is in the intrinsic system

A

myenteric plexus & submucosal plexus

Physiology (32 decks)

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