endocrine 6 - pancreas Flashcards
is the pancreas exo or endo crine
both
what do alpha cells release
glucagon
what do beta cells release
insulin and amylin
what do delta cells release
somatostatin
what does amylin do
give satisfaction after eating
which cells secrete amylin
beta
which cells secrete glucagon
alpha
which cells secrete insulin
beta
what % of islet cells are alpha
15-20%
what % of islet cells are beta
55-90%
what % of islet cells are delta
3-10%
which hormone is the hormone of feasting
insulin
which hormone is the hormone of fasting
glucagon
what does insulin do
increase uptake and storage of fuels
is insulin cata or ana bolic
anabolic
what does glucagon do
increases mobilization of fuels when needed
is glucagon cata or ana bolic
catabolic
what is the absorptive phase
the 4 hours it takes to have food finish stomach digesting after a meal, slowly switches to insulin
what is the predominant hormone after post absorptive phase
glucagon
what is the predominant hormone at the start of the absorptive phase
insulin
what are 4 catabolic hormones that counter insulin
glucagon
Epinephrine
cortisol
growth hormone
which is the only hormone that can promote the stoerage of the major body fuels
insulin
what are the roles of the 4 counter regulatory hormones
maintain energy metabolism and cell function (glucagon Epinephrine cortisol growth hormone)
why are kids with juvenile diabetes so skinny
no insulin to store fuels, its all glucagon breaking it down
where does insulin store fuels (3)
liver/ hepatocytes
adipose tissue
skeletal muscle
which transporter lets glucose into adipose tissue
Glut-4
what does insulin do to glucose in the liver and muscle
turn in into glycogen
what does glucose do to amino acids in the liver and muscle
turn into proteins
what does insulin do to fatty acids in the liver andadipose tissue
turn into triglycerides
what does insulin do to glycogensis
increase
what does insulin do to glycogenolysis
decrease
what does insulin do to glycolysis
increase (so it can become insulin, and also decreasing [glucose] allows more into the cell)
what does insulin do to gluconeogensis
decrease
what does insulin do to ketogenesis
decrease
what does insulin do to protein and fat breakdown
decrease