Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology > 2-mouth and esophagus > Flashcards

2-mouth and esophagus Flashcards

1
Q

what is the cephalic stage

A

receptors in head stimulated by sight/smell/ emotions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how is the cephalic stage activated (neurons)

A

parasympathetic fibres activate neurons in the GI nerve plexi (Extrinsic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the gastric phase triggered by

A

stomach receptors triggered by distension, acidity, a.a, peptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what kind of reflexes mediate the gastric response

A

short and long reflexes (gastrin and ACh)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the intestinal phase triggered by

A

receptors in the intestine stimulated by distension, acidity, osmolarity, digestive products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what kind of reflexes mediate the intestinal response

A

short and long reflexes and hormones (secretin, CCK and GIP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where in the brain control food intake

A

hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where is the feeding center

A

lateral region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does activation of the feeding center do

A

make you HUNGY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what happens with a lesion in the feeding center

A

lose weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where is the satiety centre

A

in the ventromedial region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what happens when you activate the satiety center

A

feel :FULL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what happens with a lesion in the satiery center

A

overeat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does activation of the lateral center do

A

make you HUNGY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what happens with a lesion in the ventromedial center

A

overeat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the 2 orexigenic factors

A 
neuropeptifde Y (NPY)
ghrelin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does NPY do

A

neurotransmitter in hypothalamus that stimulates hunger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does ghrelin do

A

stimulates release of NPY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

where is ghrenlin released and when

A

endocrine cells in stomach during fasting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

4 anorexigenic factors

A

leptin, insulin, peptide YY, melaocortin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

where is leptin released

A

adipose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what does leptin do

A

help with long term food intake decrease, decreases NPY release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

where is insulin released

A

pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

where is peptide YY released

A

intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

where is melanocortin released

A

hypothalamus

26
Q

where is the thirst center

A

hypothalamus

27
Q

what is the most important regulation of water intake

A

increased plasma osmolarity

28
Q

what is released when there is a sensed increased plasma osmolarity

A

vasopressin

29
Q

what does vasopressin do

A

conserves water at kidney

30
Q

what is stimulated when there is decreased plasma volume

A

baroreceptors in cardiovascular system

31
Q

what do the baroreceptors do when there is decreased osmolarity

A

angiotension 2 released, causing increased thirst

32
Q

what are the three salivary glands

A

parotid
submandibular
subglingual

33
Q

what do the parotid glads secrete

A

watery(serous) secretion

34
Q

what the submandibular glands secrete

A

serous/mucous secretion

35
Q

what do the sublingual glands secrete

A

mucous

36
Q

is saliva hypotoic, isotonic or hypertonic and why

A

hypotonic to help it dissolve food

37
Q

is saliva acidic basic or neutral

A

alkaline to neutralize acidic food

38
Q

what electrolytes in saliva

which ones more and less

A

rich in K+ and HCO3-

also Na+ and Cl-

39
Q

which enzymes are in saliva

A

amylase and lipase

40
Q

what are glycoproteins

A

component of saliva

mucin (with water makes mucous)

41
Q

what acidity is initial saliva secretion from acinar cells

A

isotonic (acinar later is leaky)

42
Q

which compounds are actively secreted from acinar cells into the acinus area

A

Cl-, K-, HCO3-

43
Q

which compounds are released from acinar cells paraceullary

A

Na+, H2O

44
Q

what is the role of myopithelial cells

A

contract and expel saliva from acinus into duct

45
Q

what do ductal cells do to saliva

A

make it hypotonic and alkaline

46
Q

are ductal cells permable to water

A

no

47
Q

are acinar cells permable to water

A

yes

48
Q

which hormones control salivary glands

A

none!

49
Q

does parasympathetic or sympathetic do more stimulation for salivary gland function

A

parasympathetic

50
Q

is lingual lipase deactivated in the tummy

A

no, it is acid stable

51
Q

what is xerostemia

A

dry mouth due to impaired salivary secretions

52
Q

what is the larynx and where is it

A

voice box

between pharynx and trachea

53
Q

what is the epiglottis and what does it do

A

tissue flap that covers laryns and trachea when swallowing

54
Q

what is the pharynx

A

the throat passage common to food and air

55
Q

what does the soft palate do in the swallowing reflex

A

soft palate elevates to prevent food entering the nasal passages

56
Q

what does the epiglottis do during the swallowing reflex

A

covers the glottis to prevent food from entering the trachea

57
Q

where does skeletal muscle cover the esophagus

A

upper third

58
Q

where does smooth muscle cover the esophagus

A

lower two thirds

59
Q

what does the stratified squamous epithelium do

A

protect esophagus from abrasive food

60
Q

where is the upper esophageal sphincter

A

just below pharynx

61
Q

what is the main driving force of swallowing

A

persitalsis

62
Q

are the salivary glands essential for life

A

no, but for a high quality life (i think)

Physiology (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions