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Physiology > 3-stomach > Flashcards

3-stomach Flashcards

1
Q

is the stomach essential for life

A

no, but yes for a good quality of life

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2
Q

what are the regions of the stomach

A

fundus, body, antrum

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3
Q

what is the fundus

A

top of stomach

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4
Q

what is the body of stomach

A

middle of stomach

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5
Q

what is the antrum

A

bottom of stomach

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6
Q

what does pepsinogen do

A

converted to pepsin, helps digest proteins

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7
Q

what do chief cells secrete

A

pepsinogen

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8
Q

where are chief cells

A

all regions of stomach

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9
Q

what is released by G cells

A

gastrin

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10
Q

where are gastric glands

A

antrum

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11
Q

how does gastrin work

A

stimulates HCl production by parietal cell and GI motility

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12
Q

what do ECL cells release

A

histamine

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13
Q

where are ECL cells

A

all stomach areas, more so in the antrum

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14
Q

what do d cells release

A

somatostatin

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15
Q

what does somatostatin do

A

negative regulator of HCl secretion

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16
Q

where are d cells

A

everywhere in stomach, more in antrum

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17
Q

what does intrinsic factor do

A

critical for B12 absorption in the ileum

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18
Q

where is HCl produced

A

fundus and body

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19
Q

where is mucous, pepsinogen and HCl released

A

fundus and body

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20
Q

where is mucous, pepsinogen and gastrin released

A

antrum

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21
Q

what is the fundus and body made from

A

thin layer of smooth muscle

22
Q

what is the antum made of

A

thick smooth much

23
Q

what does histamine do

A

stimulates HCl production

24
Q

what do parietal cells do

A

secrete HCl and IF

25
Q

what are canaliculus and where found

A

in parietal cell, they increase surface area to maximize secretion

26
Q

which direction does the K+/H+ pump in parietal cell

A

H+ into lumen, K+ into cell, actively

27
Q

how is carbonic anhydrase made in stomach

A

formed from H2O and CO2

28
Q

what does H2CO3 dissociate into parietal cells

A

H+ (for secreion) and HCO3- (exchanged with cl-)

29
Q

what kind of transport is the Cl-/HCO3- exchanger parietal cells

A

2 active

30
Q

which direction does the Cl-/HCO3- exchanger go parietal cells

A

HCO3- out Cl- in

31
Q

what happens to Cl- in the parietal cell

A

comes in from Cl-/HCO3- exchanger

leaves in leak channel

32
Q

what happens to K+ in parietal cells

A

comes in from K/H+ pump

leaves in leak channel

33
Q

what happens to HCO3- in parietal cells

A

leaves into blood, causes alkaline tide

34
Q

what happens do H+ in parietal cells

A

leaves into lumen, makes it acidic

35
Q

what is the cephalic phase of gastric secretion

A

excitatory, through vagus

36
Q

what is the gastric phase of gastric secretion

A

major excitatory phase, gastrin

37
Q

what is the intestinal phase of gastric secretion

A

inhibitory when fat, acid, hypertonic digestion products are in duodenum

38
Q

what does ACh do to D cells

A

inhibit release of somatostatin

39
Q

what does somatostatin do to parietal cells

A

inhibit H+ release

40
Q

what does somatostatin do to ECL cells

A

inhibit histamine release

41
Q

what does somatostatin do to G cells

A

inhibit gastrin release

42
Q

what does ACh do to G cells

A

activate gastrin release

43
Q

what does peptides do to G cells

A

activate gastrin release

44
Q

what does H+ do to D cells

A

activate somatostatin release

45
Q

what does H+ do to G cells

A

inhibit gastrin release

46
Q

what does gastrin do to ECL cells

A

activate histamine release

47
Q

what does ACh do to ECL cells

A

activate histamine release

48
Q

where is the pyloric sphincter

A

at bottom/antrum

49
Q

what do stomach pacemaker cells do

A

presets the frequency of contractions

50
Q

what closes off in vomiting

A

glottis

51
Q

what is damaged in ulcers

A

mucosa (top)

Physiology (32 decks)

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