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Physiology > renal 5 - water > Flashcards

renal 5 - water Flashcards

1
Q

what is insenstible water loss

A

when you cant see the water you lose, like skin and airways

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2
Q

what are aquaporins

A

water channels that allow the diffusion of water

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3
Q

where is most of water reabsorbed

A

in the proximal tubules

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4
Q

where are aquaporins always open

A

in the proximal tubules

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5
Q

what does water reabsorption depend on?

A

Na+ reabsorption

the osmotic gradient acts as the driving force

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6
Q

what is another name for vasopressin

A

antidiuretic hormone

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7
Q

what is another name for antidiuretic hormone

A

vasopressin

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8
Q

how are cortical and medullary collecting duct controlled

A

physiologically by hormones

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9
Q

what do ADH/vasopressin regulate

A

specific aquaporins

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10
Q

where do ADH/vasopressin regulate

A

in the cells of the collecting duct

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11
Q

what is the main role of ADH/vasopressin

A

regulate blood pressure and try to prevent water loss

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12
Q

are there aquaporins in the distal tubule

A

no

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13
Q

are there aquaporins in the proximal tubule

A

yes, the most

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14
Q

do hormones regulate water permeability in the proximal tubule

A

no

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15
Q

do hormones regulate water permeability in the distal tubule

A

no

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16
Q

do hormones regulate water permeability in the loop of henle

A

no

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17
Q

do hormones regulate water permeability in the large distal tube and collecting duct

A

yes

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18
Q

how is water reabsorbed in the proximal tubule

A

passively

AQP-1

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19
Q

how is water reabsorbed in the loop of henle

A

only in the descending limb
passively
AQP-1

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20
Q

how is water reabsorbed in the distal tubule

A

no water reabsorption

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21
Q

how is water reabsorbed in the large distal tubule and collecting duct

A

passive (AQP-2,3,4)

vasopression/ADH works on AQP-2

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22
Q

which aquaporin does vasopressin work on

A

AQP-2

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23
Q

does the descending limb of the loop of henle reabsorb water

A

yes

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24
Q

does the ascending limb of the loop of henle reabsorb water

A

no

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25
Q

what is osmolarity of fluid inside the tube between prox and loop of henle

A

very close to plasma

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26
Q

how does water flow in the proximal tubule

A

follows sodium, bulk flow

27
Q

how does water reabsorb in the descending loop of henle

A

passively through AQP-1

28
Q

how does water reabsorb in the thin ascending loop of henle

A

no water reabsorption

29
Q

how does sodium reabsorb in the thick ascending loop of henle

A

NKCC allows Na K and Cl in

then Na and K exchange out into peritubular capillaries

30
Q

how is urine concentrated

A

juxtamedullary nephrons use loop of henle to concentrate the urine
made by the countercurrent

31
Q

where is Na reabsorbed in the loop of henle

A

in the ascending limb

32
Q

what is the most critical characteristic of the loop of henle that allows for salt reabsorption

A

the different transport capabilities on each side of the tubules (H2O descending, salt ascending)

33
Q

how is NaCl transported and where

A

actively in the ascending limb

34
Q

what is the osmolarity of the descending limb

A

300mOsm/L

35
Q

what is the gradient difference between the interstitial space and ascending limb

A

200 mOsm

36
Q

what kind of osmolarity do you want the adrenal medulla to be

A

hyperosmolar

37
Q

what is the counter current multiplier

A

multiplication of the gradient down the length of the loop of henle, always a 200mOsm difference

38
Q

would beavers have a longer or shorter loop of henle

A

shorter because they dont have a big need to conserve water

39
Q

would camels have a longer or shorter loop of henle

A

longer because they have a big need to conserve water

40
Q

what is the osmolatiry of the distal convoluted tubule (start)

A

100mOsm/L

very dilute

41
Q

what does ADH do to the cortical collecting duct

A

it causes the tubule to become isoosmotic with the interstitial space (300mOsm/L)

42
Q

what happens in the medullary collecting duct

A

water leaves as it descends to maintain the same osmolarity of the interstitial space

43
Q

what does the concentration in the medullary collecting duct cause

A

highly concentrated urine by the end of it bc water always leaving

44
Q

can the vasa recta absorb water

A

yes

45
Q

can the vasa recta absorb salt

A

yes

46
Q

which direction does the vasa recta flow

A

opposite to the flow of urine

47
Q

why do we need the counter current exchange

A

so that the gradient is not washed away

48
Q

how does vasa recta help the counter current exchange

A

maintains na and cl gradient, absorbs water from descending loop

49
Q

how does the vasa recta create the medullary hyperosmolarity

A

it doesnt
but it prevents it from being washed out
maintains it, not create

50
Q

what is blood flow like in the medulla and how does this help with counter current

A

low and sluggish blood flow which prevents solute loss

51
Q

is the vasa recta permeable to urea

A

yes

52
Q

where does water enter the vasa recta

A

ascending limb (opposite direction of flow as the loop of henle)

53
Q

where does Na Cl enter the vasa recta

A

descending limb (opposite direction of flow as the loop of henle)

54
Q

where is urea filtered/secreted/reabsorbed in proximal

A

50%reabsorbed in proximal tubule

55
Q

where does ADH regulate water reabsorption

A

in the collecting ducts

56
Q

what are the critical features that initiate the gradient

A

reabsorption of NaCl in ascending limb and impermeability to water in ascending limb

57
Q

where is urea filtered/secreted/reabsorbed in loop of henle

A

50%secreted back into loop of henle from the inner medulla collecting duct

58
Q

where is urea filtered/secreted/reabsorbed in collecting duct

A

30%reabsorbed into interstitial space

55% reabsorbed (to be secreted back into loop of henle and 5% into vasa recta)

59
Q

what % of urea moves into the vasa recta

A

5%

60
Q

what % of urea is excreted

A

15%

61
Q

what % of urea is filtered

A

100%

62
Q

how does urea help contribute to the concentration gradient

A

it is trapped in the medulla

63
Q

formula for amount of urea excreted

A

filtered+secreted-reabsorbed

Physiology (32 decks)

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