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renal 5 - water Flashcards

1
Q

what is insenstible water loss

A

when you cant see the water you lose, like skin and airways

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2
Q

what are aquaporins

A

water channels that allow the diffusion of water

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3
Q

where is most of water reabsorbed

A

in the proximal tubules

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4
Q

where are aquaporins always open

A

in the proximal tubules

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5
Q

what does water reabsorption depend on?

A

Na+ reabsorption

the osmotic gradient acts as the driving force

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6
Q

what is another name for vasopressin

A

antidiuretic hormone

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7
Q

what is another name for antidiuretic hormone

A

vasopressin

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8
Q

how are cortical and medullary collecting duct controlled

A

physiologically by hormones

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9
Q

what do ADH/vasopressin regulate

A

specific aquaporins

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10
Q

where do ADH/vasopressin regulate

A

in the cells of the collecting duct

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11
Q

what is the main role of ADH/vasopressin

A

regulate blood pressure and try to prevent water loss

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12
Q

are there aquaporins in the distal tubule

A

no

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13
Q

are there aquaporins in the proximal tubule

A

yes, the most

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14
Q

do hormones regulate water permeability in the proximal tubule

A

no

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15
Q

do hormones regulate water permeability in the distal tubule

A

no

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16
Q

do hormones regulate water permeability in the loop of henle

A

no

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17
Q

do hormones regulate water permeability in the large distal tube and collecting duct

A

yes

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18
Q

how is water reabsorbed in the proximal tubule

A

passively

AQP-1

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19
Q

how is water reabsorbed in the loop of henle

A

only in the descending limb
passively
AQP-1

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20
Q

how is water reabsorbed in the distal tubule

A

no water reabsorption

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21
Q

how is water reabsorbed in the large distal tubule and collecting duct

A

passive (AQP-2,3,4)

vasopression/ADH works on AQP-2

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22
Q

which aquaporin does vasopressin work on

A

AQP-2

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23
Q

does the descending limb of the loop of henle reabsorb water

A

yes

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24
Q

does the ascending limb of the loop of henle reabsorb water

A

no

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25
what is osmolarity of fluid inside the tube between prox and loop of henle
very close to plasma
26
how does water flow in the proximal tubule
follows sodium, bulk flow
27
how does water reabsorb in the descending loop of henle
passively through AQP-1
28
how does water reabsorb in the thin ascending loop of henle
no water reabsorption
29
how does sodium reabsorb in the thick ascending loop of henle
NKCC allows Na K and Cl in | then Na and K exchange out into peritubular capillaries
30
how is urine concentrated
juxtamedullary nephrons use loop of henle to concentrate the urine made by the countercurrent
31
where is Na reabsorbed in the loop of henle
in the ascending limb
32
what is the most critical characteristic of the loop of henle that allows for salt reabsorption
the different transport capabilities on each side of the tubules (H2O descending, salt ascending)
33
how is NaCl transported and where
actively in the ascending limb
34
what is the osmolarity of the descending limb
300mOsm/L
35
what is the gradient difference between the interstitial space and ascending limb
200 mOsm
36
what kind of osmolarity do you want the adrenal medulla to be
hyperosmolar
37
what is the counter current multiplier
multiplication of the gradient down the length of the loop of henle, always a 200mOsm difference
38
would beavers have a longer or shorter loop of henle
shorter because they dont have a big need to conserve water
39
would camels have a longer or shorter loop of henle
longer because they have a big need to conserve water
40
what is the osmolatiry of the distal convoluted tubule (start)
100mOsm/L | very dilute
41
what does ADH do to the cortical collecting duct
it causes the tubule to become isoosmotic with the interstitial space (300mOsm/L)
42
what happens in the medullary collecting duct
water leaves as it descends to maintain the same osmolarity of the interstitial space
43
what does the concentration in the medullary collecting duct cause
highly concentrated urine by the end of it bc water always leaving
44
can the vasa recta absorb water
yes
45
can the vasa recta absorb salt
yes
46
which direction does the vasa recta flow
opposite to the flow of urine
47
why do we need the counter current exchange
so that the gradient is not washed away
48
how does vasa recta help the counter current exchange
maintains na and cl gradient, absorbs water from descending loop
49
how does the vasa recta create the medullary hyperosmolarity
it doesnt but it prevents it from being washed out maintains it, not create
50
what is blood flow like in the medulla and how does this help with counter current
low and sluggish blood flow which prevents solute loss
51
is the vasa recta permeable to urea
yes
52
where does water enter the vasa recta
ascending limb (opposite direction of flow as the loop of henle)
53
where does Na Cl enter the vasa recta
descending limb (opposite direction of flow as the loop of henle)
54
where is urea filtered/secreted/reabsorbed in proximal
50%reabsorbed in proximal tubule
55
where does ADH regulate water reabsorption
in the collecting ducts
56
what are the critical features that initiate the gradient
reabsorption of NaCl in ascending limb and impermeability to water in ascending limb
57
where is urea filtered/secreted/reabsorbed in loop of henle
50%secreted back into loop of henle from the inner medulla collecting duct
58
where is urea filtered/secreted/reabsorbed in collecting duct
30%reabsorbed into interstitial space | 55% reabsorbed (to be secreted back into loop of henle and 5% into vasa recta)
59
what % of urea moves into the vasa recta
5%
60
what % of urea is excreted
15%
61
what % of urea is filtered
100%
62
how does urea help contribute to the concentration gradient
it is trapped in the medulla
63
formula for amount of urea excreted
filtered+secreted-reabsorbed

Physiology (32 decks)

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