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Physiology > renal 7 - acid base > Flashcards

renal 7 - acid base Flashcards

1
Q

when is arterial plasma pH acidosis

A

when its under 7.35

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2
Q

when is arterial plasma pH alkylosis

A

when its above 7.45

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3
Q

what is the pH for normal ACF

A

between 7.35 and 7.45

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4
Q

which pH are fatal

A

under 6.8 above 7.8

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5
Q

what is an acid in terms of H+

A

releases H+ in solution

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6
Q

what is an base in terms of H+

A

accepts H+ in solution

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7
Q

what is a volatile acid

A

CO2

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8
Q

what is a non volatile acid

A

organic and inorganic acids from other sources than CO2

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9
Q

what does metabolism of sulfur containing amino acids produce

A

sulfuric acid, a non volatile acid

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10
Q

what does metabolism of lysine, arginine and histidine produce

A

hydrochloric acid

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11
Q

what is a buffer

A

any substance that binds to H+

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12
Q

what is a buffer composed of

A

a weak acid and its conjugate base

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13
Q

what is the buffer in the extracellular system

A

CO2 HCO3-

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14
Q

what are the intracellular buffers

A

phosphate ions and proteins

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15
Q

what are the intracellular buffers

A

hemoglobin

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16
Q

which organs are responsible for balancing [H+]

A

kidneys and lungs

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17
Q

what does carbonic anhydrase do

A

turn CO2 +H2O into H2CO3-

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18
Q

what causes the generation of H+ from H2 CO3-

A

passage of blood through peripheral tissues

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19
Q

do lungs regulate H+ long term or short term

A

short term

20
Q

what causes respiratpry inbalances

A

hyper/oventilation, resp. malfunction

21
Q

what does high [H+] do to ventilation

A

stimulates

22
Q

what does low [H+] do to ventilation

A

inhibits

23
Q

do kidneys regulate H+ long term or short term

A

long term

24
Q

what do kidneys do to help alkalosis

A

kidneys excrete more bicarbinate

25
Q

what do kidneys do to help acidosis

A

kidneys synthesize new bicarbonate and send it into blood

26
Q

what is the reabsorption of HCO30 dependent on

A

H+ secretion

27
Q

is most of HCO3- reabsorbed or secreted normally

A

reabsorbed

28
Q

is reabsorption of HCO3- active or passive

A

active

29
Q

where does reabsorption of HCO3- happen

A

proximal tubule, ascending loop of Henle, cortical collecting duct

30
Q

why isnt there H+ in urine

A

because bicarbonate that was filtered in the lumen combines with H+ then CO2 gets reabsorbed

31
Q

what is the transport mechanism of H+

A

depends on the part of the tubule segment

32
Q

how does the body respond to acidosis (mechanism 1)

A

addition of HCO3- in plasma by binding the H+ to HPO4- (net gain of HCO3- in plasma)

33
Q

how does the body respond to acidosis (mechanism 2)

A

uptake of glutamine from filtrate or peritubular plasma which forms NH4+ and HCO3- causes active secretion of NH4+ (counter Na/NH4 pump) and the reabsorption of HCO3- in plasma

34
Q

where does the addition of HCO3- to plasma via glutamine happen

A

in proximal tubule only

35
Q

what happens to glutamine metabolism in alkalosis

A

decerase

36
Q

what happens to ammonium excretion in alkalosis

A

decrease

37
Q

what causes respiratory acidosis (2 things)

A
  • decreased ventilation

- increased blood PCO2

38
Q

how does kidney respond to respiratory acidosis

A

kidneys compensate by secreting H+ (either bound to HPO4 2- or excrete NH4+ from glutamine)

39
Q

what disease can cause respiratory acidosis

A

emphysema

40
Q

what causes respiratory alkalosis (2 things)

A

hyperventilation, decreased blood PCO2

41
Q

what environment can cause respiratory alkalosis

A

high altitude

42
Q

how does kidney respond to respiratory alkalosis

A

excreting HCO3- in urine

43
Q

can the kidney excrete acidic or basic urine

A

ya both

44
Q

when can metabolic acidosis happen (2 illness, 1 other)

A

diarrhea (loss of bicarbonate), diabetes mellitus (cant reabsorb what has been filtered), severe exercise (anaerobic, lactic acid production)

45
Q

what does metabolic acidosis result in

A

increased ventilation and increased H+ secretion

46
Q

what does metabolic alkalosis result in

A

decreased ventilation and increased HCO3- excretion

47
Q

what illness can cause metabolic alkalosis

A

prolonged vomiting

Physiology (32 decks)

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