renal - 2 nephron

Question 1

what is micturition

Answer 1

peeing

how urine is carried out, how the bladder empties and is held, incontinence, etc

Question 2

where are the kidneys located

Answer 2

retroperitoneal

Question 3

what are the two main parts of the nepheon

Answer 3

renal corpuscle and renal tubule

Question 4

what is the renal corpuscle

Answer 4

bowmanns capsule and glomulerus

Question 5

what is the renal pelvis

Answer 5

the common space where things empty

Question 6

what is the glomerulus for

where is it located

Answer 6

blood supply coming into the kidneys, fits in the bowmans capsule

Question 7

what is the bowman’s capsule

Answer 7

it holds the glomerulus and is the filtering unit

Question 8

what does the collecting duct do

Answer 8

empties its contents into the renal pelvis

Question 9

what brings blood into nephrons

Answer 9

afferent arteriole

Question 10

what brings blood away from nephrons

Answer 10

efferent artiole

Question 11

what is the bowmans space

Answer 11

space between the cells of the bowman capsule

Question 12

what is the first stage of renal corpuscle development

Answer 12

nephrons develop as a single layer with no shape (looks like a fist)

Question 13

what is the second stage of renal corpuscle development (3 things)

Answer 13

• capillaries grow and penetrate the fist shaped loop of cells
• basal lamina trapped between capillary and epithelial cells
• epithelial cell differentiates into parietal and visceral layers

Question 14

what is the parietal layer(3 things)

Answer 14

outer layer, forms wall, not leaky

Question 15

what is the visceral layer(3 things)

Answer 15

inner layer, podocytes, leaky

Question 16

what is the third stage of renal corpuscle development

Answer 16

parietal layer flattens to become bowmans capsule, visceral layer becomes podocyte layer

Question 17

what are the 3 layers of the renal corpuscle

Answer 17

• fenestrated endothelium (glomerular capillary)
• basement membrane
• podocytes with filtraition slits

Question 18

what does fenestrated mean

Answer 18

pores in the endothelial layer

Question 19

where are all renal corpuscles found

Answer 19

in the cortex

Question 20

what are cortical nephrons

Answer 20

nephrons that reside way up in the cortex, nothing in medulla

Question 21

what are juxtamedullary nephrons

Answer 21

the corpuscle in cortex, but everything else is in the medulla

Question 22

how many nephrons in each kidney

Answer 22

about 1 million

Question 23

what are the three basic functions of the kidneys

Answer 23

filtration
absorption
secretion

Question 24

what is reabsorption

Answer 24

passes from blood to bowmans space, but

Question 25

what is secretion

Answer 25

take from bloodstream and put directly into tubules without being filtered at glomerulus

Question 26

what are the 2 types of nephrons and their relative abundance

Answer 26

cortical 85% and juxtamedullary 15%

Question 27

who regulates the concentration of urine

Answer 27

juxtamedullary nephron

Question 28

how is the concentration of urine regulated

Answer 28

juxtamedullary nephron creates an osmotic gradient to determine how much water stays and leaves

Question 29

does the cortex or medulla have a higher osmotic gradient

Answer 29

medulla than cortex

Question 30

what is the renal fraction (%of blood that goes to the kidneys)

Answer 30

20%

highly vascular

Question 31

what are the three types of capillaries that surround the nephron

Answer 31

glomerular, peritubular, vasa recta

Question 32

where are glomerular cappilarries

Answer 32

sits in bowmans capsule

Question 33

where are peritubular capillaries

Answer 33

mostly in corticol nephrons

Question 34

where are the vasa recta capillaries found

Answer 34

only in juxtamedullary nephrons