renal - 2 nephron Flashcards
what is micturition
peeing
how urine is carried out, how the bladder empties and is held, incontinence, etc
where are the kidneys located
retroperitoneal
what are the two main parts of the nepheon
renal corpuscle and renal tubule
what is the renal corpuscle
bowmanns capsule and glomulerus
what is the renal pelvis
the common space where things empty
what is the glomerulus for
where is it located
blood supply coming into the kidneys, fits in the bowmans capsule
what is the bowman’s capsule
it holds the glomerulus and is the filtering unit
what does the collecting duct do
empties its contents into the renal pelvis
what brings blood into nephrons
afferent arteriole
what brings blood away from nephrons
efferent artiole
what is the bowmans space
space between the cells of the bowman capsule
what is the first stage of renal corpuscle development
nephrons develop as a single layer with no shape (looks like a fist)
what is the second stage of renal corpuscle development (3 things)
- capillaries grow and penetrate the fist shaped loop of cells
- basal lamina trapped between capillary and epithelial cells
- epithelial cell differentiates into parietal and visceral layers
what is the parietal layer(3 things)
outer layer, forms wall, not leaky
what is the visceral layer(3 things)
inner layer, podocytes, leaky
what is the third stage of renal corpuscle development
parietal layer flattens to become bowmans capsule, visceral layer becomes podocyte layer
what are the 3 layers of the renal corpuscle
- fenestrated endothelium (glomerular capillary)
- basement membrane
- podocytes with filtraition slits
what does fenestrated mean
pores in the endothelial layer
where are all renal corpuscles found
in the cortex
what are cortical nephrons
nephrons that reside way up in the cortex, nothing in medulla
what are juxtamedullary nephrons
the corpuscle in cortex, but everything else is in the medulla
how many nephrons in each kidney
about 1 million
what are the three basic functions of the kidneys
filtration
absorption
secretion
what is reabsorption
passes from blood to bowmans space, but
what is secretion
take from bloodstream and put directly into tubules without being filtered at glomerulus
what are the 2 types of nephrons and their relative abundance
cortical 85% and juxtamedullary 15%
who regulates the concentration of urine
juxtamedullary nephron
how is the concentration of urine regulated
juxtamedullary nephron creates an osmotic gradient to determine how much water stays and leaves
does the cortex or medulla have a higher osmotic gradient
medulla than cortex
what is the renal fraction (%of blood that goes to the kidneys)
20%
highly vascular
what are the three types of capillaries that surround the nephron
glomerular, peritubular, vasa recta
where are glomerular cappilarries
sits in bowmans capsule
where are peritubular capillaries
mostly in corticol nephrons
where are the vasa recta capillaries found
only in juxtamedullary nephrons
