renal-1 into Flashcards
what does renal mean
anything to do with the kidneys
what is the most obvious function of the kidneys
to filter on the blood, plasma regulation
what do kidneys regulate (2 things)
blood volume and pressure
acid base balance
what is entailed in blood volume and pressure in kidney regulation
water concentration, fluid volume, inorganic ion composition
what do kidneys excrete
urea, uric acid, creatinine, bilirubin, foreign chemicals
what is urea
protein breakdown
what is uric acid
nucleotide breakdown
what is creatinine
MUSCLE BREAKDOWN WAHHHH
what is bilirubin
RBC breakdown
Who does glucogenogenesis
Kidneys
when does gluconeogenesis occur
during starvation
what do kidneys secrete
3 examples
hormones and enzymes
erythropoietin
1,25-dihydroxy Vitamine D
Renin
what is erythropoietin
helps synthesize RBC, secreted by kidney cells
what is 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D
linked close to phosphate regulation
what is renin
enzyme that helps balance sodium and ion composition
what is intracellular fluid
fluid inside the cell
what is extracellular fluid
fluid ourside of the cell (plasma+interstitial fluid + cerebrospinal fluid)
what is plasma
non-cellular part of blood, fluid inside blood vessels
what is interstitial fluid
fluid outside the cell but not in circulatory system (not plasma)
what percent of total body weight is water
60%
what percent of total body weight is intracellular fluid
40%
what percent of total body weight is extracellular fluid
20%
what is the relative intra and extracellular amounts of Na
more Na out than in
what is the relative intra and extracellular amounts of K
more K in than out
what is the relative intra and extracellular amounts of Ca
more Ca out than in
what is the relative intra and extracellular amounts of Cl
more Cl out than in
what is osmolarity
the number of solutes per unit volume of solution (mol/L)
what is 1 osmol mean (equal to)
1 mole of solute particles
what does low osmolarity mean
high water concentration
low solute
what does high osmolarity mean
low water concentration
high solute
what is diffusion
process of movement of molecules from one location to another as a result of random thermal motion
what is osmosis
net diffusion of WATER across SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE MEMBRANe (high to low water conc)
what is osmotic pressure
the pressure necessary to prevent solvent movement (osmosis)
what is the point of osmotic pressure
to make sure it doesn’t expand too much
what is the opposing pressure required to stop osmosis completely
osmotic pressure
what is tonicity determined by
the concentration of non penetrating solutes of an extracellular solution relative to the intracellular environment of a cell
what is non penetrating solute
examples
they need channels to pass through the membrane
Na+ K+ Cl-
what is isotonic
same osmolarity inside and outside of cell
what is hypertonic
higher osmolarity outside than inside the cell
they shrink
what is hypotonic
lower osmolarity outside than inside the cell
they grow
which direction does water flow (osmolarity)
water flows from low osmolarity to high osmolarity
what is normal osmolarity in a cell
300mOsm/L
what differentiates tonic and osmotic (isotonic vs/ isoosmotic, etc)
saying -osmotic instead of -tonic (iso, hypo, hyper) does not mention whether or not it is a penetrating solute (tonic non penetrating)
what is filtration
movement of solute/water out of the plasma
what is absorption
movement of solute/water into the blood
what is movement of solute/water into the blood
absorption
what is movement of solute/water out of the plasma
filtration
what is net filtration pressure
Pc + πIF – PIF -πc
where is capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc) highest and what does this cause
more at the arterial end, so more filtration then
what is interstitial fluid hydrostatic fluid
pressure that comes from the interstitial fluid
what is πc
osmotic force due to plasma protein concentration
what direction is πc
inwards towards capillaries
what direction is πIF
outwards from capillaries
what direction is PIF
inwards towards capillaries
what direction is Pc
outwards from capillaries
what is πIF
osmotic force due to interstitual fluid protein concentration
