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Physiology > renal-1 into > Flashcards

renal-1 into Flashcards

1
Q

what does renal mean

A

anything to do with the kidneys

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2
Q

what is the most obvious function of the kidneys

A

to filter on the blood, plasma regulation

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3
Q

what do kidneys regulate (2 things)

A

blood volume and pressure

acid base balance

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4
Q

what is entailed in blood volume and pressure in kidney regulation

A

water concentration, fluid volume, inorganic ion composition

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5
Q

what do kidneys excrete

A

urea, uric acid, creatinine, bilirubin, foreign chemicals

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6
Q

what is urea

A

protein breakdown

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7
Q

what is uric acid

A

nucleotide breakdown

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8
Q

what is creatinine

A

MUSCLE BREAKDOWN WAHHHH

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9
Q

what is bilirubin

A

RBC breakdown

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10
Q

Who does glucogenogenesis

A

Kidneys

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11
Q

when does gluconeogenesis occur

A

during starvation

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12
Q

what do kidneys secrete

3 examples

A

hormones and enzymes
erythropoietin
1,25-dihydroxy Vitamine D
Renin

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13
Q

what is erythropoietin

A

helps synthesize RBC, secreted by kidney cells

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14
Q

what is 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D

A

linked close to phosphate regulation

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15
Q

what is renin

A

enzyme that helps balance sodium and ion composition

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16
Q

what is intracellular fluid

A

fluid inside the cell

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17
Q

what is extracellular fluid

A

fluid ourside of the cell (plasma+interstitial fluid + cerebrospinal fluid)

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18
Q

what is plasma

A

non-cellular part of blood, fluid inside blood vessels

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19
Q

what is interstitial fluid

A

fluid outside the cell but not in circulatory system (not plasma)

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20
Q

what percent of total body weight is water

A

60%

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21
Q

what percent of total body weight is intracellular fluid

A

40%

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22
Q

what percent of total body weight is extracellular fluid

A

20%

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23
Q

what is the relative intra and extracellular amounts of Na

A

more Na out than in

24
Q

what is the relative intra and extracellular amounts of K

A

more K in than out

25
Q

what is the relative intra and extracellular amounts of Ca

A

more Ca out than in

26
Q

what is the relative intra and extracellular amounts of Cl

A

more Cl out than in

27
Q

what is osmolarity

A

the number of solutes per unit volume of solution (mol/L)

28
Q

what is 1 osmol mean (equal to)

A

1 mole of solute particles

29
Q

what does low osmolarity mean

A

high water concentration

low solute

30
Q

what does high osmolarity mean

A

low water concentration

high solute

31
Q

what is diffusion

A

process of movement of molecules from one location to another as a result of random thermal motion

32
Q

what is osmosis

A

net diffusion of WATER across SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE MEMBRANe (high to low water conc)

33
Q

what is osmotic pressure

A

the pressure necessary to prevent solvent movement (osmosis)

34
Q

what is the point of osmotic pressure

A

to make sure it doesn’t expand too much

35
Q

what is the opposing pressure required to stop osmosis completely

A

osmotic pressure

36
Q

what is tonicity determined by

A

the concentration of non penetrating solutes of an extracellular solution relative to the intracellular environment of a cell

37
Q

what is non penetrating solute

examples

A

they need channels to pass through the membrane

Na+ K+ Cl-

38
Q

what is isotonic

A

same osmolarity inside and outside of cell

39
Q

what is hypertonic

A

higher osmolarity outside than inside the cell

they shrink

40
Q

what is hypotonic

A

lower osmolarity outside than inside the cell

they grow

41
Q

which direction does water flow (osmolarity)

A

water flows from low osmolarity to high osmolarity

42
Q

what is normal osmolarity in a cell

A

300mOsm/L

43
Q

what differentiates tonic and osmotic (isotonic vs/ isoosmotic, etc)

A

saying -osmotic instead of -tonic (iso, hypo, hyper) does not mention whether or not it is a penetrating solute (tonic non penetrating)

44
Q

what is filtration

A

movement of solute/water out of the plasma

45
Q

what is absorption

A

movement of solute/water into the blood

46
Q

what is movement of solute/water into the blood

A

absorption

47
Q

what is movement of solute/water out of the plasma

A

filtration

48
Q

what is net filtration pressure

A

Pc + πIF – PIF -πc

49
Q

where is capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc) highest and what does this cause

A

more at the arterial end, so more filtration then

50
Q

what is interstitial fluid hydrostatic fluid

A

pressure that comes from the interstitial fluid

51
Q

what is πc

A

osmotic force due to plasma protein concentration

52
Q

what direction is πc

A

inwards towards capillaries

53
Q

what direction is πIF

A

outwards from capillaries

54
Q

what direction is PIF

A

inwards towards capillaries

55
Q

what direction is Pc

A

outwards from capillaries

56
Q

what is πIF

A

osmotic force due to interstitual fluid protein concentration

Physiology (32 decks)

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