Radiology - Intraoral Anatomy Flashcards
Order of radiographic density of structures (from most radiopaque -> radiolucent)
Enamel (radiopaque)
Cortical bone
Dentin/cementum
Alveolar bone
Pulp chambers and canals
PDL space (radiolucent)
Densest structure found in human body
Enamel
On an X-ray: outermost radiopaque layer of crown of a tooth
Enamel
Found beneath enamel layer of a tooth and surrounds pulp cavity
Dentin
Makes up majority of tooth structure
Dentin
On an X-ray: appears radiopaque, but not as radiopaque as enamel
Dentin
________ is not usually apparent radiographically bc the contrast between it and dentin is so low and the __________ layer is so thin
cementum; cementum
When is the only time you could see cementum on an X-Ray?
Hypercementosis
Contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics
Pulp chamber/root canals
On an X-Ray: appears relatively radiolucent
Pulp chamber/root canals
Space between the root of the tooth and the lamina dura
PDL space
Contains connective tissue fibers, blood vessels, and lymphatics
PDL space
On an X-Ray: a thin radiolucent line around the root of a tooth
PDL space
On an X-Ray: In the healthy periodontium - continuous radiolucent line of uniform thickness
PDL space
Wall of the tooth socket that surrounds the root of a tooth; made up of dense cortical bone
Lamina dura
On an X-Ray: dense radiopaque line that surrounds the root of a tooth
Lamina dura
Most coronal portion of alveolar bone found between teeth
Alveolar crest
Made up of dense cortical bone and is continuous with the lamina dura
Alveolar crest
On an X-Ray: appears radiopaque and is typically located 1.5 to 2.0 mm below the junction of the
crown and the root surfaces (the cemento-
enamel junction)
Alveolar crest
Supports and encases the roots of teeth
Alveolar bone
On an X-Ray:
trabeculae - radiopaque lines
medullary spaces – radiolucent areas
Alveolar bone
On an X-Ray: radiolucent region at the apex of teeth in formation
Dental papilla space
On an X-Ray: radiolucent area between the crown of an unerupted tooth and the surrounding bone
Dental follicle space
Suture present between the palatine processes and the anterior portion of the maxilla
Intermaxillary suture
On an X-Ray: radiolucent line, in the midline, between the central incisors
Intermaxillary suture
Exit of the nasopalatine canal
Incisive foramen
On an X-Ray: ovoid radiolucency, often with diffuse borders
Incisive foramen
On an X-Ray: bilateral circular or ovoid radiolucent image
Nasal opening of nasopalatine canal
Bone cavities filled with air divided by
the nasal septum
Nasal fossae
On an X-Ray: radiolucent area in maxilla
Nasal fossae
Wafer-thin, curved plates of bone that extend from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity
Inferior nasal concha
On an X-Ray: radiopaque structure extending from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity
Inferior nasal concha
Divides the nasal cavity into two fossae
Nasal septum
On an X-Ray: vertical radiopaque structure on maxilla
Nasal septum
On an X-Ray: radiopaque line located in the lower portion of the nasal cavity (in the
projection of incisors and canines)
Floor of nasal cavity
Bony projection formed by the fusion of the two maxillary bones at the intermaxillary suture
Anterior nasal spine
On an X-Ray: radiopaque V–shaped line on maxilla
Anterior nasal spine
On an X-Ray: radiolucent area located between the canine and the lateral incisor
Lateral fossa
The most posterior region of the alveolar
process of the maxilla
Maxillary tuberosity
On an X-Ray: bone radiopacity on maxilla
Maxillary tuberosity
Hook-like process at the lower part of the
medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone
Pterygoid hamulus
On an X-Ray: radiopaque hook-like image on maxilla
Pterygoid hamulus
On an X-Ray: wide radiolucent area bounded by a radiopaque line
Maxillary sinus
On an X-Ray: thin radiopaque line located in the lower portion of the maxillary sinus
Floor of maxillary sinus
On an X-Ray: radiolucent areas that extend towards the alveolar ridge
Alveolar extension of the maxillary sinus
On an X-Ray: radiolucent areas that extend towards the maxillary tuberosity
Tuberosity extension of the maxillary sinus
On an X-ray: radiolucent areas that extend anteriorly
Anterior extension of the maxillary sinus
On an X-ray: radiopaque line around part of the dental root, in cases of alveolar extension
of the maxillary sinus
Alveolar dome
Thin cortical bone protruding through the maxillary sinus
Bone septa of the maxillary sinus
On an X-Ray: thin radiopaque line projected on the maxillary sinus
Bone septa of the maxillary sinus
Superimposition of the floor of the nasal fossa
and the anterior border of the maxillary sinus
Y line of Ennis
On an X-Ray: radiopaque line in inverted “Y” format
Y line of Ennis
Anatomic structures of the alveolar bone
through which neurovascular elements
transit
Nutrient canals
Bony projection of the maxilla that
articulates with the zygomatic bone
Zygomatic process of maxilla
On an X-Ray: J-shaped or U-shaped radiopacity located superior to the maxillary first molar region
Zygomatic process of maxilla
Articulates with the zygomatic process of the
maxilla; composed of dense cortical bone
Zygomatic bone
On an X-Ray: appears as a diffuse radiopaque band extending posteriorly from the zygomatic process of the maxilla
Zygomatic bone
Marked prominence of bone on the anterior ramus of the mandible
Coronoid process of mandible
On an X-Ray: triangular radiopacity superimposed over, or inferior to, the maxillary tuberosity region
Coronoid process of mandible
Linear prominence of cortical bone located on the external surface of the anterior portion of the mandible
Mental ridge
On an X-Ray: thick radiopaque lines that extends from the premolar region to the incisors’ region on mandible
Mental ridge
Depression on the labial aspect of the mandible
extending laterally from the midline and above the mental ridge
Mental fossa
On an X-Ray: radiolucent area above the mental ridge
Mental fossa
Opening in bone located on the internal surface of the mandible
Lingual foramen
On an X-Ray: small, radiolucent dot located inferior to the apices of the mandibular incisors
Lingual foramen
On an X-Ray: surrounded by genial tubercles
Lingual foramen
Bone protuberances that serve as attachment sites for the genioglossus and geniohyoid muscles, located on the lingual aspect of the midline of the mandible
Genial tubercles
On an X-Ray: ring-shaped radiopacity in the midline inferior to the apices of the mandibular incisors
Genial tubercles
Opening in bone located on the external surface of the mandible in the region of the mandibular premolars
Mental foramen
Anterior limit of the inferior dental canal that is apparent on periapical radiographs
Mental foramen
On an X-Ray: small, ovoid or round radiolucent area located in the apical region of the mandibular premolars
Mental foramen
On an X-Ray: may be misdiagnosed as a periapical lesion (periapical cyst, granuloma, or abscess) because of its apical location, in some cases
Mental foramen
Passageway through bone that travels the length of the mandible
Mandibular canal
Extends from the mandibular foramen to the mental foramen and houses the inferior alveolar nerve and blood vessels
Mandibular canal
On an X-Ray: radiolucent band, with two thin radiopaque lines that represent the cortical walls of the canal
Mandibular canal
On an X-Ray: appears below or superimposed over the apices of the mandibular molar teeth
Mandibular canal
Linear prominence of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible
Mylohyoid ridge
Serves as an attachment site for the mylohyoid muscle
Mylohyoid ridge
On an X-Ray: dense radiopaque band that extends downward and forward from the third molar region at the level of the apices of the posterior teeth
Mylohyoid ridge
Linear prominence of bone located on the external surface of the body of the mandible
External oblique ridge
On an X-Ray: radiopaque band extending downward and forward from the anterior border of the ramus of the mandible
External oblique ridge
Depressed area of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible inferior to the mylohyoid ridge that accommodates the submandibular gland
Submandibular gland fossa
On an X-Ray: radiolucent area in the molar region below the mylohyoid ridge
Submandibular gland fossa
On an X-Ray: dense, broad, radiopaque band of bone on the mandible
Inferior border of mandible
Interdental nutrient canals are most often seen in the ____________ ____________, a region that typically has thin bone
anterior mandible
