Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

D2 Summer > Microbio Week 10 - Hepatitis Viruses (Exam 3) > Flashcards

Microbio Week 10 - Hepatitis Viruses (Exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

All infections with Hepatitis viruses A to E are __________ infections

A

systemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T/F: The symptoms of acute viral hepatitis are different for all the viruses. You can easily tell which virus caused your symptoms without doing either serology or nucleic acid testing

A

FALSE, symptoms of acute viral hepatitis are SIMILAR for all the viruses. You CANNOT tell which virus caused your symptoms without doing either serology or nucleic acid testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe Hep viruses A-E

A

A - acute
B - bloodborne
C - chronic
D - defective
E - enteric, expecting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What family is Hep A in?

A

Picornavirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the primary route for Hep A?

A

Fecal-oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Are all Hep A infections acute or chronic?

A

Acute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T/F: Once infected with Hep A, there is protection for life against reinfection

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T/F: Washing hands is better than alcohol-based hand sanitizers

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The Hep A virus is shed in feces _________ before symptoms and during symptoms

A

1-2 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

You are most likely to get _________ if infected with Hep A as an older child/adult

A

jaundice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What vaccine is available for Hep A?

A

Inactivated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the post-exposure prophylaxis recommendations for Hep A?

A
  1. Vaccine within 2 weeks
  2. Vaccine + IgG at distal sites if older, immunocompromised, or have liver damage
  3. IgG only if younger than 1 or allergic to vaccine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What family is Hep E virus in?

A

Hepevirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the primary routes of Hep E infection?

A

Fecal-oral
Contaminated drinking water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a significant source of hepatitis outbreaks worldwide, but not in the US?

A

Hep E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Are all Hep E infections acute or chronic?

A

Acute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

There is a high fatality rate in what type of people infected with Hep E?

A

Pregnant, especially in 3rd trimester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Is there a vaccine for Hep E?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What family is Hep C in?

A

Flavivirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How is Hep C transmitted?

A

Blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the primary spread of Hep C?

A

Shared needles
Sex
Vertical transmission (mother to baby)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the risk of Hep C infection from needlestick exposure?

A

0.2%

(used to be 3%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Are Hep C infections acute or chronic?

A

Chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In Hep C infection, it takes several years to develop what?

A

Cirrhosis/liver disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is one of the top reasons for liver transplants?

A

Hep C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What cells cause liver damage in Hep C infections by killing infected cells?

A

CD8+ CTLs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Is there a vaccine for Hep C?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What should you do if you are infected with Hep C?

A

Start antivirals immediately

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What do the Hep C antivirals target?

A
  1. Viral protease
  2. Viral polymerase
  3. Viral protein NSSA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What Hep C antiviral target stops replication after translation of +ssRNA because it can’t cleave the polyprotein?

A

Viral protease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What Hep C antiviral target stops the virus from replicating the viral genome?

A

Viral polymerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What Hep C antiviral target stops genome replication and assembly?

A

Viral protein NSSA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Depending on the genotype of Hep C, the cure rate when treated with antivirals is over ___%, but a person can become re-infected if re-exposed

A

90

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What family is Hep B virus in?

A

Hepadnavirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What does Hep B replicate through?

A

An RNA intermediate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What does Hep B have?

A

Reverse transcriptase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

How is Hep B and D transmitted?

38
Q

What is the primary spread of Hep B and D?

A

Needles
Sex
Pregnancy/delivery

39
Q

How long can Hep B last on a surface, even tho it is an enveloped virus?

40
Q

If a needle stick with a known Hep B virus positive source occurs, how many people will become infected if not protected by vaccine?

41
Q

If infected with Hep B as an adult, there is a ___% chance that you will be chronically infected

42
Q

If infected with Hep B as infant through vertical transmission, there is a ____% chance of becoming chronically infected

43
Q

The presence of what means you are actively infected with Hep B and can infect other people?

44
Q

What is the Hep B surface antigen?

45
Q

The presence of what means you have a high level of Hep B virus in your blood and are very infectious?

46
Q

What is the Hep B e antigen?

47
Q

What vaccine is available for Hep B?

48
Q

What does the Hep B subunit vaccine contain?

49
Q

What is the treatment for Hep B are an exposure?

A
  1. Vaccine + HBIG if unvaccinated, have low titers, or baby born to infected mother
  2. 2 shots of HBIG 1 month apart if vaccine non-responder
50
Q

What is the target of Hep B antivirals?

A

Reverse transcriptase

51
Q

What is the treatment for Hep B?

A

Antivirals

52
Q

T/F: Treatment for Hep B is rarely a cure and once started, usually goes on for life

53
Q

Hep B capsid or core antigen

54
Q

IgM antibody against Hep B core antigen

A

Anti-HBc IgM

55
Q

Indicates the total antibody to HBV core antigen, IgG, and IgM

56
Q

T/F: Anyone who has ever had an HBV infection will have Anti-HBc. This does not tell you if the person is currently infected or not. They could have cleared the infection or been chronically infected. You cannot tell just from the presence of this antibody

57
Q

HBV surface antigen

58
Q

An antibody to HBV surface antigen

59
Q

HBV E antigen. It is only present when a large amount of virus is present

A

HBeAg

(e = enormous amounts of virus)

60
Q

An antibody to the HBe antigen

61
Q

In acute Hep B infections, what antibody will be present?

62
Q

When is the only time the IgM of the core antigen for Hep B will be present?

A

Acute infections

63
Q

Most of the time, in acute Hep B infections, enormous amounts of virus are present, so the ________ and _______ will also be present.

A

HBsAg and HBeAg

64
Q

During which time period is the body starting to clear the acute Hep B virus and on the way to resolved infection, and Anti-HBs are being made?

A

Window period

65
Q

Can anti-HBs and HBsAg be detected during the window period of acute Hep B infection?

A

NO, they are binding to eachother in the blood, so lab tests can’t detect them

66
Q

What can be detected during the window period of acute Hep B infection?

A

anti-HBc IgM

67
Q

If ________ is present for greater than 6 months, the person is said to have chronic Hep B

68
Q

What is always present once a person has been infected with Hep B (it stays for life)?

69
Q

What is present during chronic Hep B infection?

A

HBsAg
HBeAg
Anti-HBc

70
Q

What is present in inactive carriers of Hep B?

A

HBsAg
Anti-HBe
Anti-HBc

71
Q

What is present in resolved infections of Hep B?

A

Anti-HBs
Anti-HBe
Anti-HBc

72
Q

What is present in people immunized from Hep B?

A

Anti-HBs only

73
Q

If a person has HBsAg, they are _____________ infectious

A

potentially

74
Q

If a person has HBsAg and HBeAg, they are __________ infectious

75
Q

What family is Hep D in?

A

Deltavirus

76
Q

What must occur to produce infectious Hep D?

A

Must infect a cell already infected with Hep B

77
Q

Can Hep D productively infect a cell on its own?

78
Q

What does Hep D use to coat its virus?

A

Uses Hep B’s surface antigen (HBsAg)

79
Q

Is there a vaccine for Hep D?

A

Yes, its the Hep B vaccine

80
Q

T/F: Chronic infection with both HDV and HBV is much worse than infection with HBV alone

A

True, higher levels of cirrhosis and liver failure occur

81
Q

What can improve symptoms of Hep D?

A

Type I interferon

82
Q

Is Type I interferon a durable cure for most people with Hep D infections?

83
Q

What 2 Hep virus infections can occur at the same time? What is this called?

A

Hep B and Hep D; co-infection

84
Q

What are the 2 ways to get infected with Hep D?

A

Co-infection
Superinfection

85
Q

In co-infection, what % of people develop chronic infection with Hep B and Hep D?

86
Q

Which post-exposure prophylaxis is used for co-infection of Hep B and Hep D?

A

Hep B post-exposure prophylaxis

87
Q

What is it called when you are already infected with Hep B, and then you get infected with Hep D?

A

Superinfection

88
Q

What do you develop if you have superinfection of Hep B and Hep D?

A

Acute hepatitis

89
Q

In superinfection, what % of people develop chronic infection with Hep D?

90
Q

Which post-exposure prophylaxis is used for superinfection of Hep B and Hep D?

A

NONE, since you are already infected with Hep B

D2 Summer (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions