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D2 Summer > Microbio Week 8 - Other Mycoses (Mini Exam) > Flashcards

Microbio Week 8 - Other Mycoses (Mini Exam) Flashcards

1
Q

The greater the degree of immunocompromise, the more…

A

Invasive

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2
Q

What are the 3 hyphal molds?

A

Aspergillus
Mucor
Dermatophytes

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3
Q

What are the 3 dimorphic fungi?

A

Histoplasma
Blastomyces
Coccidioides

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4
Q

What is the 1 yeast?

A

Cryptococcus

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5
Q

Where do most fungi grow? How are they acquired?

A

Environment

Airborne dust containing spores

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6
Q

What is the morphology of Aspergillus?

A

Filamentous mold
Septate hyphae (has cross walls)
Branching at 45 degree angle

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7
Q

How does Aspergillus and Mucor reproduce?

A

Release spores from hyphae into air (airborne)

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8
Q

Where can Aspergillus and Mucor grow?

A

Outside = on living & decaying organic matter
Inside = on damp, wet surfaces

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9
Q

What are Aspergillus infections caused by?

A

Inhaling spores

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10
Q

What is one of the most common causes of invasive fungal infections?

A

Aspergillus

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11
Q

Which is more invasive: Aspergillus or Mucor?

A

Mucor

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12
Q

How do you diagnose Aspergillus and Mucor infections?

A

Direct microscopic exam - 10% KOH or silver stain

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13
Q

What are you looking for when doing a direct microscopic exam for Aspergillus infection?

A

Septate hyphae w/ 45 degree branching

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14
Q

What are you looking for when doing a direct microscopic exam for Mucor infection?

A

Aseptate hyphae w/ 90 degree branching

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15
Q

What is the response to treatment for Aspergillus dependent on?

A

of neutrophils

Competence of immune system
Number of neutrophils

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16
Q

What is the key treatment of Aspergillus?

A

Voriconazole

(must be 100% sure its Aspergillus before treating with Voriconazole)

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17
Q

What is infection by Mucor called?

A

Mucormycosis

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18
Q

What does Mucor invade?

A

Major blood vessels (angioinvasion)

(Aspergillus does this as well, but to a less extent. Mucor is the main angioinvasive mold)

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19
Q

What does Mucor angioinvasion lead to?

A

Black pus + black necrotic tissue

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20
Q

What is the most common pathogen of the Mucor group? (ON EXAM)

A

Rhizopus

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21
Q

What is the morphology of Mucor?

A

Filamentous mold
Large diameter, aspetate hyphae
90 degree branching

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22
Q

What are the 2 things that can cause Mucor infections?

A

Inhaling spores
Spore implantation into tissue

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23
Q

What patients are at high risk for Mucor infection?

A

Uncontrolled diabetes + ketoacidosis
Cancer (especially those w/ low neutrophils)

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24
Q

What mucor infection can have oral manifestations such as black necrotic lesions on hard palate?

A

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis

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25
Q

What is the key treatment for Mucor infection?

A

Aggressive surgical methods

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26
Q

What enhances the virulence of Mucor?

A

Voriconazole

(this is why its so important to make sure it is Aspergillus before treating with Voriconazole!!!)

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27
Q

Where do Histo, Blasto, and Coccidio infect?

A

Respiratory tract

28
Q

T/F: Oral manifestations of Histo, Blasto, and Coccidio are very common

A

FALSE, oral manifestations are rare, but may be seen in immunocompromised

29
Q

What are the diseases caused by Histo, Blasto, and Coccidio restricted to?

A

Defined geographical areas

30
Q

Histo, Blasto, and Coccidio are all ___________ dimorphic

A

thermally

31
Q

Where are Histo, Blasto, and Coccidio seen as filamentous mold?

A

Soil

32
Q

Where are Histo, Blasto, and Coccidio seen as yeast with budding?

A

Body tissues

33
Q

Which dimorphic fungi is an exception because it does NOT form a traditional yeast, but instead forms a structure called a spherule that contains endospores?

A

Coccidio

34
Q

Habitat for Histo

A

Bird and bat droppings

35
Q

Habitat for Blasto

A

Organic matter (rotting wood, animal droppings, plants)

36
Q

Habitat for Coccidio

A

Fine sand and silt

37
Q

Transmission for Histo and Blasto

A

Inhaling spores -> becomes yeast during infection

38
Q

Transmission for Coccidio

A

Inhaling spores -> becomes spherules during infection

39
Q

Common geographical area for Histo

A

Ohio and Mississippi river valleys + Louisville

40
Q

Common geographical area for Blasto

A

Ohio, Mississippi, Missouri, and Arkansas river valleys + Louisville

Minnesota and Wisconsin

41
Q

Common geographical area for Coccidio

A

Hot, arid Sonora desert region of Southwestern US

Cali, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas

Parts of Mexico in San Joaquin valley

42
Q

What diseases of Histo, Blasto, Coccidio contribute to the oral manifestations?

A

Disseminated diseases

43
Q

How do you diagnose Histo, Blasto, Coccidio?

A

Direct microscopy exam - 10% KOH or silver stain

44
Q

What are you looking for when diagnosing Histo, Blasto, Coccidio using direct microscopy exam?

A

Histo yeast -> narrow bud
Blasto yeast -> broad based bud
Coccidio spherule -> sac filled with spores

45
Q

Which yeast has a capsule?

A

Cryptococcus

46
Q

How is Cryptococcus different from traditional yeast?

A

It produces a polysaccharid capsule

47
Q

How is the most common species of Cryptococcus transmitted?

A

Inhaling yeast from exposure to pigeon droppings

48
Q

When does Cryptococcus have oral manifestations particularly in the immunocompromised?

A

Disseminated forms

49
Q

How do you diagnose Cryptococcus?

A

India ink stain (allows you to see capsule)

50
Q

Do Dermatophytes have oral manifestations?

A

NO, but it may be expressed on facial surface

51
Q

Where are Dermatophyte infections found?

A

Superficial skin, hair, nails (“tinea”)

52
Q

What is the major virulence factor of Dermatophytes?

A

Keratinase

53
Q

What does keratinase degrade in Dermatophyte infections?

A

Skin, hair, nails

54
Q

What are the 3 species of Dermatophytes?

A

Trichophyton
Microsporum
Epidermophyton

55
Q

Trichophyton morphology

A

Cigar-shaped macroconidia
Many microconidia

56
Q

Microsporum morphology

A

Rough, spindle-shaped macroconidia
Some microconidia

57
Q

Epidermophyton morphology

A

Smooth, club-shaped macroconidia
NO microconidia

58
Q

How are Dermatophytes transmitted?

A

Direct via contact with spores (infected tissue, soil)
Indirect transmission via contaminated surfaces/objects (hairbrush, comb, carpet)

59
Q

Tinea capitis lesion location

A

Scalp (hair/skin)

60
Q

Tinea faciei lesion location

A

Non-bearded parts of face

61
Q

Tinea barbae lesion location

A

Beard, mustache, neck

62
Q

Tinea corporis (ringworm) lesion location

A

Body (trunk, arms, legs)

63
Q

Tinea manuum lesion location

A

Palms, fingers

64
Q

Tinea pedis (athletes foot) lesion location

A

Soles of feet, between toes

65
Q

Tinea unguium lesion location

A

Nails (toes more common than fingers)

D2 Summer (37 decks)

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