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D2 Summer > Microbio Week 11 - Rabies and other Zoonosis (Exam 3) > Flashcards

Microbio Week 11 - Rabies and other Zoonosis (Exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

Unlike most viruses, what can rabies easily do?

A

Cross species

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2
Q

How is rabies transmitted?

A

Saliva in bite or scratch of infected mammal

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3
Q

T/F: Rabies is nearly 100% Fatal; only a few cases have survived

A

True

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4
Q

What are the primary carriers of rabies?

A

Raccoons
Bats
Skunks

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5
Q

The further the rabies virus needs to travel in the peripheral nervous system, the
longer the…

A

incubation time

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6
Q

Rabies virus moves faster once it reaches what?

A

Dorsal root ganglion

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7
Q

The closer the bite is to your brain, the shorter the…

A

incubation time

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8
Q

What is the first thing to do after exposure to rabies?

A

Wash wound with soap and water for 15 mins + dilute iodine if possible

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9
Q

What is the steps of rabies PEP?

A
  1. Human rabies IG injected into bite site
  2. Rabies vaccine given at different site and repeated on days 3, 7, 14
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10
Q

T/F: Rabies PEP is not that effective

A

FALSE, it is almost 100% effective

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11
Q

The rabies virus replicates in the muscle near the bite site and then enters where?

A

Nerves

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12
Q

Where is rabies PEP designed to prevent the virus from transferring?

A

To the nerves

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13
Q

What happens if the rabies virus makes it to the nerves?

A

It is hidden from immune system, travels to brain, and causes rabies

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14
Q

If you have the rabies vaccine and are exposed to rabies, what is the PEP?

A

Revaccination immediately

(no HRIG needed tho)

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15
Q

What family is hantavirus in?

A

Bunyavirus

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16
Q

What family is rabies in?

A

Rhabdovirus

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17
Q

What animals carry hantaviruses?

A

Wild rodents

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18
Q

Where is hantavirus excreted in rodents?

A

Urine
Feces
Saliva

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19
Q

Is hantavirus transmitted person to person?

A

NO

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20
Q

Does rabies have a viremic stage?

A

NO, even tho it is a generalized infection

(this is an exception)

21
Q

Where do hantavirus transmission events occur?

A

Areas with rodent droppings

22
Q

How does hantavirus transmission occur from rodent to person?

A

Breathing in droppings
Contaminated hands touching face
Bite

23
Q

T/F: You should never sweep up or vacuum rodent droppings; instead, wet them with disinfectant, wait 10 minutes, and use gloves to clean them up

A

True

24
Q

Does hantavirus cause disease in their rodent hosts?

A

No, but the rodent sheds the virus throughout their life

25
Q

What can hantavirus cause in people?

A

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS)

26
Q

What is the fatality rate of Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS)?

A

High; mortality is 35%

27
Q

What does Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) cause in the lungs?

A

Rapid fatal edema

28
Q

What do different hantaviruses cause in Asia and Europe?

A

Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS)

29
Q

What family is lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) in?

A

Arenavirus

30
Q

What animals is lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) found in?

A

Mice
Hamsters

31
Q

What can lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) cause? What about in pregnant people?

A

Meningitis

If pregnant - miscarriages + congenital disabilities

32
Q

How is lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) transmitted to people?

A

Urine
Droppings
Saliva
Bites

33
Q

What family is lassa virus in?

A

Arenavirus

34
Q

What in Africa spreads lassa fever?

A

Rats

35
Q

T/F: Lassa virus is found in Africa and the US

A

FALSE, it is only found in Africa

36
Q

What is a common sequela from lassa infection?

A

Hearing loss

37
Q

What family is ebola in?

A

Filovirus

38
Q

What family is marburg in?

A

Filovirus

39
Q

What do ebola and marburg cause?

A

Hermorrhagic fever

40
Q

Where in the world do ebola and marburg outbreaks occur?

A

Africa

41
Q

Is Ebola infectious before symptoms?

A

NO

42
Q

T/F: The body is not contagious after death by ebola

A

FALSE, the body is VERY contagious after death by ebola

43
Q

How many virus particles are needed for ebola infection?

A

1 to 10

44
Q

How is ebola transmitted?

A

Direct contact with body or bodily fluids

(enters mouth, eyes, nose, or break in skin)

45
Q

Is ebola aerosolized?

A

NO

46
Q

How long is the ebola found in semen?

A

At least 3 months

47
Q

Can ebola infection through sex occur?

A

YES

48
Q

Is there a vaccine for ebola?

A

YES

D2 Summer (37 decks)

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