Microbio Week 11 - Rabies and other Zoonosis (Exam 3) Flashcards
Unlike most viruses, what can rabies easily do?
Cross species
How is rabies transmitted?
Saliva in bite or scratch of infected mammal
T/F: Rabies is nearly 100% Fatal; only a few cases have survived
True
What are the primary carriers of rabies?
Raccoons
Bats
Skunks
The further the rabies virus needs to travel in the peripheral nervous system, the
longer the…
incubation time
Rabies virus moves faster once it reaches what?
Dorsal root ganglion
The closer the bite is to your brain, the shorter the…
incubation time
What is the first thing to do after exposure to rabies?
Wash wound with soap and water for 15 mins + dilute iodine if possible
What is the steps of rabies PEP?
- Human rabies IG injected into bite site
- Rabies vaccine given at different site and repeated on days 3, 7, 14
T/F: Rabies PEP is not that effective
FALSE, it is almost 100% effective
The rabies virus replicates in the muscle near the bite site and then enters where?
Nerves
Where is rabies PEP designed to prevent the virus from transferring?
To the nerves
What happens if the rabies virus makes it to the nerves?
It is hidden from immune system, travels to brain, and causes rabies
If you have the rabies vaccine and are exposed to rabies, what is the PEP?
Revaccination immediately
(no HRIG needed tho)
What family is hantavirus in?
Bunyavirus
What family is rabies in?
Rhabdovirus
What animals carry hantaviruses?
Wild rodents
Where is hantavirus excreted in rodents?
Urine
Feces
Saliva
Is hantavirus transmitted person to person?
NO
Does rabies have a viremic stage?
NO, even tho it is a generalized infection
(this is an exception)
Where do hantavirus transmission events occur?
Areas with rodent droppings
How does hantavirus transmission occur from rodent to person?
Breathing in droppings
Contaminated hands touching face
Bite
T/F: You should never sweep up or vacuum rodent droppings; instead, wet them with disinfectant, wait 10 minutes, and use gloves to clean them up
True
Does hantavirus cause disease in their rodent hosts?
No, but the rodent sheds the virus throughout their life
What can hantavirus cause in people?
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS)
What is the fatality rate of Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS)?
High; mortality is 35%
What does Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) cause in the lungs?
Rapid fatal edema
What do different hantaviruses cause in Asia and Europe?
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS)
What family is lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) in?
Arenavirus
What animals is lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) found in?
Mice
Hamsters
What can lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) cause? What about in pregnant people?
Meningitis
If pregnant - miscarriages + congenital disabilities
How is lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) transmitted to people?
Urine
Droppings
Saliva
Bites
What family is lassa virus in?
Arenavirus
What in Africa spreads lassa fever?
Rats
T/F: Lassa virus is found in Africa and the US
FALSE, it is only found in Africa
What is a common sequela from lassa infection?
Hearing loss
What family is ebola in?
Filovirus
What family is marburg in?
Filovirus
What do ebola and marburg cause?
Hermorrhagic fever
Where in the world do ebola and marburg outbreaks occur?
Africa
Is Ebola infectious before symptoms?
NO
T/F: The body is not contagious after death by ebola
FALSE, the body is VERY contagious after death by ebola
How many virus particles are needed for ebola infection?
1 to 10
How is ebola transmitted?
Direct contact with body or bodily fluids
(enters mouth, eyes, nose, or break in skin)
Is ebola aerosolized?
NO
How long is the ebola found in semen?
At least 3 months
Can ebola infection through sex occur?
YES
Is there a vaccine for ebola?
YES
