Microbio Week 10 - HIV and AIDS (Exam 3)

Question 1

How is HIV transmitted?

Answer 1

Blood
Semen
Rectal fluids
Vaginal fluids
Breast milk

Question 2

What is the chance of HIV infection if exposed via needle stick?

Answer 2

0.3%

Question 3

What is the rank of exposure to HIV?

Answer 3

Blood transfusion > anal intercourse > needle sharing > needle stick

Question 4

20% of new diagnoses of HIV are in __________

Answer 4

women

Question 5

How many people infected with HIV are unaware of their infection?

Answer 5

1 in 8

Question 6

20% of the initial diagnosis of HIV is with a co-diagnosis of AIDS, meaning what?

Answer 6

Patient was HIV+ for years before learning their status

Question 7

The majority of new infections are in MSM, with a disproportionate number in _________ populations

Answer 7

minority

Question 8

Condoms are effective in preventing HIV, but only if used…

Answer 8

Every time

Question 9

T/F: There is no difference in the number of new HIV infections in ‘sometimes’ and ‘never’ used condom groups

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Daily pill that is a combination of two HIV drugs used to treat HIV (two NRTI) or a long-acting
injectable

Answer 10

PrEP

Question 11

How often do you need to be tested for HIV while taking PrEP?

Answer 11

Every 3 months for pill
Every 2 month for injectable

Question 12

Why is it necessary to test HIV before and while taking PrEP?

Answer 12

You can’t treat an infected person with just 1 class of HIV drugs, resistance will likely develop

Question 13

T/F: In studies with discordant couples (one partner is living with HIV, and the other partner is not), where the cART treated partner with HIV has undetectable virus levels, there is no transmission to the HIV negative partner even in the absence of condom use

Answer 13

True

Question 14

If you had an exposure to HIV, how soon should you start treatment?

Answer 14

ASAP

(absolute best is within 2 hours, but should be started within 72 hours)

Question 15

If you had an exposure to HIV, how long should you take the ART drugs?

Answer 15

28 days

Question 16

Transmission of HIV from mother to baby occurs in _____% of cases without treatment.

Answer 16

25

Question 17

When all recommendations are followed, the transmission of HIV from mother to baby is less than ____%

Answer 17

1

Question 18

Does the baby also have to treated after birth if their mother has HIV during pregnancy?

Answer 18

YES

Question 19

The time from infection until the time most everyone will show up positive (>99%)

Answer 19

Window period

Question 20

What does the lower number in the window range mean?

Answer 20

Most people will become + if infected

Question 21

What does the higher number in the window range mean?

Answer 21

Almost 100% of people will become + if infected

Question 22

How do you ensure the HIV test is a true negative?

Answer 22

Exposure has to be before the higher of the 2 numbers

Question 23

Most people show up HIV+ by 3 weeks, but a small percentage will not show up positive for 3 months. What does this mean?

Answer 23

Window period is 3-12 weeks

Question 24

Newer antigen/antibody tests have a shorter window period, from _____ days to _____ days

Answer 24

18; 45

Question 25

The nucleic acid test detects exposure the most rapidly, with a window period of _____ days to ____ days

Answer 25

10; 33

Question 26

T/F: Positive HIV test results do not need to be confirmed

Answer 26

FALSE, they must be confirmed because there can be false positives