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D2 Summer > Microbio Week 10 - Antivirals and Diagnostic Virology (Exam 3) > Flashcards

Microbio Week 10 - Antivirals and Diagnostic Virology (Exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

Block the release of the influenza virus by blocking the viral neuraminidase

A

Neuraminidase inhibitors

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1
Q

2 classes of drugs for influenza

A

Neuraminidase inhibitors
Cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor

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2
Q

The most common is Tamiflu

A

Neuraminidase inhibitors

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3
Q

Xofluza prevents the influenza virus from taking cellular mRNA caps and using them to make viral mRNA.

As a result, viral RNA can’t be transcribed into
mRNA, and viral proteins are not made

A

Cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor

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4
Q

Not specific to one virus and can be used on respiratory syncytial virus, hepatitis C virus, and hemorrhagic fever viruses

A

Ribavirin

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5
Q

Works by lowering guanine nucleotides in the cell (by inhibiting inosine monophosphate
dehydrogenase), making viral RNA replication harder

A

Ribavirin

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6
Q

Also works as a viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor

A

Ribavirin

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7
Q

A teratogen - two forms of birth control should be used while taking this drug and continued for six months after use

A

Ribavirin

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8
Q

5 classes of HIV antivirals (ON EXAM)

A
  1. Entry inhibitors
    2&3. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors (2 classes)
  2. Integrase inhibitors
  3. Protease inhibitors
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9
Q

Block receptor or co-receptor binding or membrane fusion and entry in HIV

A

Entry inhibitor

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10
Q

Name the 2 reverse transcriptase inhibitors for HIV

A

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)

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11
Q

Chain terminators prevent the chain from being elongated in HIV

A

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)

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12
Q

Bind to reverse transcriptase and prevent its ability to make DNA in HIV

A

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)

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13
Q

Block the ability of the HIV virus to make a DNA copy of itself

A

Both reverse transcriptase inhibitors

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14
Q

Prevent the HIV virus from inserting the viral DNA into the cellular DNA

A

Integrase inhibitor

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15
Q

Block the maturation of the viral HIV particle

A

Protease inhibitor

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16
Q

Name the 3 classes of HCV drugs

A
  1. Viral protease inhibitor
  2. Viral polymerase inhibitor
  3. Viral protein NS5A inhibitor
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17
Q

Block cleavage of the viral polyprotein and stop replication after this step in HCV

A

Viral protease inhibitor

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18
Q

Block the ability of the virus to replicate its RNA in HCV

A

Viral polymerase inhibitor

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19
Q

Block RNA production and assembly in HCV

A

Viral protein NS5A inhibitor

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20
Q

Block the viral polymerase and interfere with viral DNA production in herpesviruses

A

Acyclovir compounds

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21
Q

Need to be activated by a viral thymidine kinase

A

Acyclovir compounds

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22
Q

Preferentially activated in an infected
cell that has the viral thymidine kinase

A

Acyclovir compounds

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23
Q

Prodrug of acyclovir

A

Valacyclovir

24
Q

Converted to acyclovir in the body and requires less dosing than acyclovir

A

Valacyclovir

25
Q

Both treat HSV and VZV herpesviruses

A

Acyclovir
Valacyclovir

26
Q

Same active compound and can also treat HSV and VZV herpesviruses

Which one is oral and which one is topical?

A

Famciclovir (oral)
Penciclovir (topical)

27
Q

Have more side effects and are used to treat the herpesvirus CMV

A

Valganciclovir
Gangiclovir

28
Q

Used to confirm a diagnosis

A

Viral diagnostics

29
Q

What is necessary for prescribing the correct antiviral drugs?

A

Diagnosing a virus

30
Q

What can help monitor chronic infections and the prevalence of a virus in the community?

A

Viral diagnostics

31
Q

Viral infections are determined by looking for viral inclusion bodies, syncytia, or using detector antibodies for viral proteins

A

Cytology

32
Q

Vaccines require large quantities of _____. And many vaccines are produced in ____________ cells

A

virus; cultured

33
Q

Cell culture can be used to diagnose an infection, but what tests are rapidly replacing the need for viral culture?

A

Nucleic acid tests

34
Q

Can be used to detect antibodies present in the body against a specific virus

A

Antibodies or Antigens- ELISA or EIA

35
Q

The Antibodies or Antigens- ELISA or EIA test can be for IgM, which would indicate what?

A

Acute infection

36
Q

The Antibodies or Antigens- ELISA or EIA test can be for IgG, which would specify what?

A

Acute, chronic, or past infection

37
Q

They can also be used to test for the presence of a viral antigen indicating active infection

A

Antibodies or Antigens- ELISA or EIA

38
Q

The Antibodies or Antigens- ELISA or EIA test is specific to how many viruses?

A

1

39
Q

The Antibodies or Antigens- ELISA or EIA can be used to check for vaccine _________

A

efficacy

40
Q

T/F: All tests can have false positives or false negatives

A

True

41
Q

A quick, easy test that is like an ELISA or EIA

A

Lateral flow assay

42
Q

Depending on the test, it can detect the presence of viral antigens or antibodies

A

Lateral flow assay

43
Q

T/F: Elisa/EIA and lateral flow assays are quick and can be done in minutes

A

True

44
Q

Where can lateral flow assays be done?

A

At home
Dr’s office

45
Q

T/F: You do not have to know what virus you have to do a lateral assay test

A

FALSE, you have to know what virus to test since one virus is tested per assay

46
Q

The lateral assay test might not pick up the new ________ if the virus undergoes antigen drift

A

strain

47
Q

These tests are very sensitive and can amplify small amounts of starting material. They usually pick up an infection if it is present

A

Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT)

48
Q

A specialized NAAT can determine the amount of what in a person?

A

Virus

49
Q

This is often done in chronic infections to determine whether antiviral treatment is working

A

Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT)

50
Q

Most of the time, these tests are sent to a lab.
This can mean waiting several days for the result.

However, more and more of these tests are marketed for point of care (in
a doctor’s office)

A

Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT)

51
Q

These tests tend to be more expensive than lateral flow assays

A

Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT)

52
Q

Can test for several infections at once. Still,
they are costly and usually not done unless the person is hospitalized

A

Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT)

53
Q

How many people with the disease will test positive

A

Sensitivity

54
Q

If 100 people have been infected with influenza and only 70 of them test positive, what is the sensitivity of the test?

A

70%

55
Q

How many people who DO NOT have the disease will test negative

A

Specificity

56
Q

If 100 people who are not infected with influenza take the test and 5 of them test positive, what is the specificity of the test?

A

95%

57
Q

T/F: When the prevalence of infection is low, testing can have limited utility

A

True

D2 Summer (37 decks)

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