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D2 Summer > Microbio Week 7 - Protozoans (Mini Exam) > Flashcards

Microbio Week 7 - Protozoans (Mini Exam) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definitive host of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium?

A

People

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2
Q

Single-celled eukaryotic microbes; just a few are known human parasites

A

Protoza

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3
Q

How were protozoans originally classified?

A

Motility

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4
Q

What are the 4 classifications of protozoans?

A
  1. Amoebas
  2. Ciliates
  3. Flagellates
  4. Sporozoa
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5
Q

What are the 2 flagellates we must know?

A

Giardia
Trichomonas

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6
Q

Giardia and Trichomonas are classified as…

A

Flagellates

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7
Q

What are the 3 sporozoans we must know?

A

Toxoplasma
Plasmodium
Cryptosporidium

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8
Q

Toxoplasma, Plasmodium, and Cryptosporidium are classfied as…

A

Sporozoans

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9
Q

Which form of Giardia is infectious: cyst or adult?

A

Cyst

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10
Q

What is the most frequent cause of acute symptomatic parasite disease in the US and worldwide?

A

Giardia

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11
Q

T/F: Giardia infection can be correlated with socioeconomic status

A

FALSE

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12
Q

Giardia is an intracellular/extracellular parasite

A

Extracellular parasite

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13
Q

Where does Giardia attach in the body?

A

Small intestine

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14
Q

Giardia can parasitize a wide range of mammals (reservoir hosts). Name 3

A

Wild animals
Dogs
Cat

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15
Q

Can you get Giardia infection from a dog?

A

NO

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16
Q

Giardia has a _________ life cycle, meaning it can only exist as 2 forms

A

biphasic

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17
Q

What are the 2 forms of Giardia to exist?

A

Infective cyst
Adult

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18
Q

Can the adult form of Giardia live in the environment and cause infection?

A

NO, only the cyst form can

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19
Q

T/F: Giardia infective cysts are environmentally durable

A

True

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20
Q

How is Giardia ingested?

A

Mountain stream water
Human/wildlife waste
Rain collection cisterns

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21
Q

What are Giardia infective cysts resistant to?

A

Chlorine

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22
Q

How can kids transmit Giardia?

A

Fecal-oral route (daycare)

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23
Q

How many patients infected with Giardia are highly symptomatic?

A

Half

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24
Q

What does attachment of Giardia cyst result in?

A

Inflammation
Reduction in gut’s absorptive capacity

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25
Q

How long do Giardia infections last

A

4 weeks

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26
Q

How do you diagnose Giardia?

A

Stool O&P
Antigen test

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27
Q

How do you treat Giardia?

A

Metronidizole

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28
Q

How do you prevent Giardia?

A

Boiling water/filtered water when camping

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29
Q

What is the most common readily treated veneral disease with 7 million cases/year in the US?

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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30
Q

Where does Trichomonas vaginalis reside?

A

Human urogenital tract

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31
Q

Does Trichomonas vaginalis form cysts or other environmental durable forms?

A

NO

32
Q

T/F: Women infected with Trichomonas vaginalis are symptomatic, and it causes trichomoniasis

A

True

33
Q

What is the size of Trichomonas vaginalis compared to?

A

WBC

34
Q

What does Trichomonas vaginalis infection cause in men?

A

Urethritis or prostatitis

35
Q

Are men symptomatic when infected with Trichomonas vaginalis?

A

NO, they are asymptomatic! Women are symptomatic though

36
Q

How do you diagnose Trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Serology by test strip

37
Q

How do you treat Trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Metronidizole (to women and their partner)

38
Q

How do you prevent Trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Safe sex

39
Q

T/F: There are not important health implications with Trichomonas vaginalis infections

A

FALSE, there are correlations with prematurity, low birth weight, PID, etc

40
Q

Are sporozoans motile?

A

NO, they are non-motile

41
Q

What stages do sporozoans have?

A

Alternating diploid + haploid stages

42
Q

Which sporozoan is the major cause of diarrhea in AIDS patients and immunosuppressive therapies?

A

Cryptosporidium

43
Q

Does Cryptosporidium need an intermediate host?

A

NO

44
Q

How is Cryptosporidium transmitted?

A

Fecal-oral route

45
Q

What are Cryptosporidium oocytes resistant to?

A

Environment
Chlorine

46
Q

What does Cryptosporidium infection most frequently involve?

A

Contaminated water/pools

47
Q

Cryptosporidium parasites attach and interact closely with __________ cells, but remain at the __________ side. _______ are disrupted in this transformation

A

epithelial; lumen; villi

48
Q

How long does Cryptosporidium infection last?

A

2-4 weeks

49
Q

How can you diagnose Cryptosporidium infection?

A

Direct microscopy -> acid-fast oocytes
Serological tests

50
Q

What can reduce Cryptosporidium infection?

A

Water treatment
Good hygiene

51
Q

What infects 25-50% where cats are pets?

A

Toxoplasma

52
Q

What changes the behavior of rats/mice (intermediate hosts), making them less fearful of cats?

A

Toxoplasma

53
Q

What is the definitive host of Toxoplasma?

A

Cats

54
Q

Where does the sexual reproduction of Toxoplasma take place?

A

Inside cats

(this makes it the definitive host)

55
Q

T/F: Toxoplasma can also propagate by asexual reproduction independently in carnivorous intermediate hosts

A

True

56
Q

T/F: Pregnant women should NOT scoop cat litter

A

True! Congenital transmission of Toxoplasma from mother to fetus can occur (causes hydrocephalus + other brain problems)

57
Q

What is another way humans can be infected with tissue cysts of Toxoplasma?

A

Infected meat (pork, lamb, etc)

58
Q

____________ ingest Toxoplasma parasites, which undergo _____________ replication, and are transported throughout the body. This infects many cell types (brain, heart, liver, lungs, CNS, etc)

A

Macrophages; intracellular

59
Q

How do you diagnose Toxoplasma?

A

Serological test for IgM
Stool O&P

60
Q

How do you treat Toxoplasma infections?

A

Pyrimethamine
Sulfadiazine

61
Q

What do Pyrimethamine and Sulfadiazine block?

A

Folic acid synthesis

62
Q

How can you prevent Toxoplasma infection?

A

Pregnant women shouldn’t change cat litter
Cats kept inside

63
Q

What is the agent of Malaria?

A

Plasmodium

64
Q

What is the most deadly human parasitic disease?

A

Plasmodium

65
Q

What type of Plasmodium causes malaria and 1-2 million deaths per year?

A

Plasmodium falciprum

66
Q

What is the definitive host of Plasmodium?

A

Mosquito

67
Q

What are the only 2 hosts of Plasmodium?

A

Human and mosquito

68
Q

Where does the asexual reproductive stage of Plasmodium occur?

A

Human host

69
Q

Where do trophozoite forms of Plasmodium called “merozoites” initially multiply by binary fission?

A

Liver

70
Q

What cells does Plasmodium initially infect?

A

Hepatocytes

71
Q

Where is Plasmodium released to divide, multiply, and feed?

A

In RBCs

72
Q

All the symptoms of Plasmodium infection is from what?

A

Episodic lysis of RBCs

73
Q

What are some symptoms of Plasmodium infection?

A

Chills
Spiking fevers
Sweats

74
Q

How do you diagnose Plasmodium infection?

A

Blood films/smears

75
Q

How do you treat Plasmodium?

A

Chloroquine
Primaquine

76
Q

What prophylactic treatments can travelers use to prevent Plasmodium infection/malaria?

A

Chloroquine
Malarone
Mefloquine

77
Q

What is an artemisinin (herbal) injectable derivative used to treat Plasmodium infections?

A

Sweet wormwood

D2 Summer (37 decks)

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