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D2 Summer > Microbio Week 8 - Candida (Mini Exam) > Flashcards

Microbio Week 8 - Candida (Mini Exam) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of all fungal infections?

A

Candida

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2
Q

Is Candida a regular member of the human normal microbiota?

A

Yes!!!

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3
Q

T/F: Candida is not a regular member of the normal microbiota of the oral cavity

A

FALSE, it is a regular member of the normal microbiota of the oral cavity!!

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4
Q

When can Candida become more invasive and cause a variety of infections?

A

Immunocompromised

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5
Q

What are the different types of Candida infections?

A

Superficial mucosal inflammatory rxns
Severe systemic disease

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6
Q

What is the most commonly isolated species of Candida?

A

Candida albicans

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7
Q

What is the morphology of Candida albicans?

A

Dimorphic (yeast + mold forms)

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8
Q

Short, non-septate, hyphal outgrowths with no constrictions

A

Germ tubes

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9
Q

What can you also get the formation of in the dimorphic morphology of Candida albicans?

A

Germ tubes

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10
Q

When are germ tubes produced in Candida albicans?

A

Initial stage of hyphal formation

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11
Q

What does the detection of germ tubes help with?

A

Distinguishing Candida albicans from other yeast

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12
Q

What are the virulence factors of Candida albicans that aid in pathogenesis?

A

Adhesin proteins
Acid proteases
Phospholipase

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13
Q

What do adhesin proteins do?

A

Adhesion

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14
Q

What do acid proteases do?

A

Degradation

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15
Q

What does phospholipase do?

A

Invasion -> hyphal formation

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16
Q

Where does Candida albicans live in the human body?

A

Skin
Mucosal membranes

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17
Q

What type of pathogen is Candida albicans?

A

Opportunistic

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18
Q

What is Candida infection most often due to?

A

Overgrowth of person’s own normal flora bc of decreased immune protection

19
Q

How can Candida albicans be transmitted?

A

Exogenous (catheters, protsthetics)
Person-to-person (birth)

20
Q

What are some predisposing factors for overgrowth of Candida albicans?

A

Age (very young + elderly)
HIV, transplant recipients
Malignancy, cytotoxic therapies
Prostheses/dentures
Diabetes/high sugar intake
Sjogrens syndrome, xerostomia

*important to address these in treatment

21
Q

What diseases does Candida albicans cause?

A

Oral candidiasis
Skin + nail infections

22
Q

What is another name for pseudomembranous candidiasis?

A

Thrush

23
Q

What does pseudomembranous candidiasis (thrush) look like?

A

Cream colored, crumbling, curd-like white patches

24
Q

Does pseudomembranous candidiasis (thrush) rub off easily?

A

YES

25
Q

What does erythematous candidiasis look like?

A

Red inflamed areas of varying size

26
Q

What does angular chelitis look like?

A

Painful, cracked sores at corners of mouth

27
Q

What does chronic hyperplastic leukoplakia look like?

A

Individual white lesions

28
Q

Does chronic hyperplastic leukoplakia rub off easily?

A

NO

(this the difference between chronic hyperplastic leukoplakia and thrush!)

29
Q

What does median rhomboid glossitis look like?

A

Smooth or lobulated dark pink/red area on back of tongue

30
Q

Is median rhomboid glossitis localized or generalized?

A

Localized

31
Q

What does median rhomboid glossitis involve?

A

Central papillary atrophy of tongue

32
Q

What people is median rhomboid glossitis commonly seen in?

A

Smokers
Inhalation-steroid users

33
Q

What is chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis?

A

Persistent/recurrent Candida infections on skin, nails, oral cavity

34
Q

What is chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis associated with?

A

Defects in cell-mediated immunity

35
Q

Which type of Candida albicans infection is genetic?

A

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis

36
Q

How do you diagnose Candida albicans?

A

Direct microscopic exam - wet mount using 10% KOH or silver stain

37
Q

What does the wet mount using 10% KOH do?

A

Removes all other cells except yeast and hyphae

38
Q

What does the silver stain do?

A

Allows you to visualize hyphae

39
Q

What are you looking for on the direct microscopic exam when diagnosing Candida albicans?

A

Round/ovoid yeast cells, pseudohyphae, and hyphae

40
Q

What are 2 other ways to diagnose Candida albicans?

A

Culture - using Sab’s agar
Germ tube test

41
Q

What does Sab’s agar do?

A

IDs fungal types by color

42
Q

How do you treat candida albicans?

A

Nystatin (mouthwash, lozenge, topical forms)

43
Q

Is there a vaccine for Candida albicans?

A

NO

D2 Summer (37 decks)

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