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Master Sommelier Theory > Portugal > Flashcards

Portugal Flashcards

1
Q

What does colheita seleccionada signify?

A

Wine contains an extra 1% alcohol than appellation minimum

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2
Q

What does Envelhecido em garrafa mean?

A

Bottle matured, additional 3 year aging in bottle for LBV

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3
Q

What do the terms ‘Velho’ and ‘Muito Velho’ signify?

A

wines that are 10-30 years, wines that are 40+ years

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4
Q

What does the term ‘garrafeira’ signify?

A

Tinto - 30 months, 12 months bottle; Branco - 12 months, 6 months bottle

single-vintage

OR port style aged 3-6 years in barrel before bottled in demijohns in cellar

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5
Q

Torna Viagem wines

A

Madeira, Setubal

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6
Q

Largest producer of Portuguese wine?

A

SoGrape (Mateus), Quinta dos Carvalhais in the Dao

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7
Q

Soil types of Portugal

A

NORTH - GRANITE (Vinho Verde, Dao, Douro, Alentejo), SCHIST (Douro, Alentejo, Trasmontano) CENTRAL - CLAY (Bairrada, Tejo, Lisboa, Setubal) LIMESTONE (Bairrada, Tejo, Lisboa, Setubal) SAND (Bairrada, Tejo, Lisboa, Setubal)

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8
Q

Climate influences of Portugal

A

Atlantic, Continental, Mediterranean (in the south - Algarve)

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9
Q

How many native grapes exist in Portugal?

A

over 250

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10
Q

Highest altitude regions?

A

Douro, Tras-os-Montes, Dao, Beira Interior

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11
Q

Major white varieties

A

Alvarinho, Encruzado, Arinto, Fernao Pires

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12
Q

80% of sparkling wine in Portugal comes from

A

Bairrada (first to adopt traditional method), next Tavora-Varosa (in Terras de Cister)

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13
Q

Dosage levels in Portuguese

A

Bruto Natural, Extra Bruto, Bruto, Extra Seco, Seco, Meio Seco, Doce

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14
Q

Espumante “Reserva”

A

12 months on lees

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15
Q

Grapes similar to… arinto

A

riesling, pinot blanc, chenin

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16
Q

Grapes similar to… Encruzado

A

ripe white burgundy

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17
Q

Grapes similar to… Antao Vaz

A

vermentino

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18
Q

Grapes similar to… tinta amarela (trincadeira)

A

grenache, carignan, dolcetto

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19
Q

Grapes similar to… castelão

A

barbera, ripe cab franc, tempranillo

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20
Q

Grapes similar to… touriga franca

A

malbec, merlot, zin

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21
Q

Grapes similar to… baga

A

nebbiolo, xinomavro, pinot noir

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22
Q

Grapes similar to… aragonez (tempranillo)

A

sangiovese, carignan

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23
Q

Grapes similar to… touriga nacional

A

cabernet sauvignon, full syrah, light petite syrah

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24
Q

3 pairs of DOPs (VRs) that share the same geographical area

A

Duriense: Douro / Porto; Terras Madeirenses : Madeira / Madeirense; Peninsula de Setubal : Setubal / Palmela

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25
Q

What Portuguese VR has the strongest Mediterranean influence?

A

Algarve; 4 DOPs (Lagos, Portimão, Lagoa, Tavira)

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26
Q

Beneficio

A

mutage

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27
Q

Adega

A

bodega/domaine/winery

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28
Q

Armazem

A

cave or cellar

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29
Q

Maduro

A

old or matured

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30
Q

Colheita

A

vintage

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31
Q

One Portuguese tun equals how many liters?

A

954

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32
Q

Which subzones of Vinho Verde bottles still and sparkling varietal albarino?

A

Moncao e Melgaco

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33
Q

What is the name for Arinto in Minho?

A

Pederna

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34
Q

What causes the slight sparkle in Vinho Verde reds?

A

Malolactic fermentation in bottle

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35
Q

Most common blend for Vinho Verde

A

Alvarinho, Trajadura, Loureiro

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36
Q

Most common red grape of vinho verde ?

A

Vinhao (Alvarelhao, Espadeiro, Pedral, Amaral, Boracal, Padeiro, Rabo de Anho)

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37
Q

Soil type of Vinho Verde DOP

A

granite with some schist, streaks of gravel and shale near the rivers (Minho, Lima, Cavado, Ave, Douro)

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38
Q

T or F - Vinho Espumate is permitted in Vinho Verde DOP?

A

True - 9 months on the lees, min. 10%

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39
Q

The _____ river borders Spain, north of the Vinho Verde DOP, and south of the DOP subregions of _____

A

Minho River; Condado do Tea and O Rosal (Rias Baixas)

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40
Q

When was the Douro first demarcated?

A

1756 - Marquis de Pombal, vineyards classified as feitori and marked for the english market

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41
Q

Moscatel do Douro

A

Moscatel Galego Branco (Petit Grains), min. 6 months, from the town of Alijo

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42
Q

Who makes Barco Velha?

A

Ferreira, now SoGrape

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43
Q

Douro blend

A

Touriga Nacional / Tinta Roriz / Touriga Franca; Viosinho / Rabigato / Gouveia

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44
Q

Grape adapted to the Douro for resistance to heat and dryness?

A

Touriga Franca

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45
Q

What is ‘esteva’?

A

rock rose’ - common descriptor for douro reds

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46
Q

Sweet wines from the Douro are produced from what grape?

A

Moscatel Galego

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47
Q

What is Medieval de Ourem?

A

Rose of cofermented Fernao Pires and Trincadeira from Encostas de Aire (Lisboa); 40hl/ha - Ourem, trincadeira and fernao varietal wines

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48
Q

What is vino abafado?

A

Partially fermented must (preserved with alcohol) used to sweeten and fortify Carcavelos DOP

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49
Q

Which Lisboa DOP is authorized for aguardiente only?

A

Lourinha

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50
Q

Obidos makes what style

A

Every dry table style, blanco, rosado, tinto, espumante

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51
Q

Bucelas wines

A

white only, still or sparkling; 75% arinto w/ esgana cao and rabo de ovelha

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52
Q

Typical Lisboa blend

A

Touriga Nacional / Castelao

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53
Q

Carcavelos

A

licoroso 15-22%; 2 years in wood, 6 months in bottle; grapes (tinto - castelao, negra mole; branco - arinto, ratinho, galego dourado)

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54
Q

What are the DOPs of Lisboa? (9)

A

Arruda, Alenquer, Torres Vedras, Obidos, Lourinha, Encostas d’Aire, Bucelas, Colares, Carcavelos

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55
Q

What is “Vinho Leve?” What are two VRs that allow this style?

A

“light wine” Lisboa VR - max 10% abv; Tejo VR - max 10.5% abv

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56
Q

Arruda and Alenquer?

A

branco - fernao and arinto, tinto - touriga and castelao

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57
Q

What are the wine styles of Bucelas DOP?

A

White and Sparkling White (75% arinto (pederna) + sercial (esgana cao), rabo de ovelha)

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58
Q

What is the main (almost exclusive) grape of Colares DOP?

A

Ramisco - highly tannic (malvasia for branco)

59
Q

Traditional vine training used in Colares DOP

A

Vines are planted in sand dunes, sand dug away to expose the chao rijo clay layer, reed fences are erected to protect the vineyards from salty Atlantic winds

60
Q

Bucelas produces dry white wines from a minimum 75% what grape?

61
Q

min. abv of Colares?

A

10%, ramisco, castelao, malvasia

62
Q

Most planted grape of Alentejo?

A

Trincadeira Alentejano

63
Q

Subzones of Alentejo (Alentejano IGP)? (8)

A

Moura, Granja-Amareleja, Evora, Vidigueira, Redondo, Reguengos, Borba, Portalegre

64
Q

What is Pera Manca?

A

A cult wine produced in Alentejo (Evora) - it was brought aboard the expedition that discovered Brazil in 1500 (Pedro Alvarez Cabral) tinto - trincadeira, aragonez; branco - antao vaz, arinto - won several medals in Bordeaux in the late 1800s

65
Q

Alentejo blend

A

Antao Vaz / Arinto; Trincadeira / Aragonez (Tinta Roriz)

66
Q

Synonym for Trincadeira

A

Tinta Amarela

67
Q

Where do they make vinho de talha?

A

Alentejo - fermented and aged in clay amphora, often red and white conferments

68
Q

Main grapes of Tejo

A

Fernao Pires, Castelao, Trincadeira

69
Q

Where is the Portalegre subregion located?

70
Q

Subzones of DoTejo (Tejo IGP)? (6)

A

Coruche, Chamusca, Cartaxo, Santarem, Tomar, Almerim - mostly whites, fernao pires, castelao for reds

71
Q

What 2 mountain ranges enclose the Dao region?

A

Serra do Caramulo - blocks Atlantic maritime influence - continental, diurnal shift, high plateau, Serra da Estrela (highest range on mainland)

72
Q

Dao “nobre” tinto, rosado, and branco? abv, encepagement

A

13%, touriga (min 15%), alfrocheiro, aragonez, jaen, rufete; 12.5%, encruzado (min. 15%), bical, cercial, malvasia fina, verdelho

73
Q

Subzones of the Dao

A

Serra de Estrela, Alva, Besteiros, Castendo, Silgueiros, Terras de Azurrara, Terras de Senorhim

74
Q

Encruzado is the prized grape for which appellation?

A

Dao DOP (Terras do Dao VR) most planted white, 9% overall production, 17% production white blends

75
Q

Bairrada Classico, tinto, branco?

A

assemblage - alfrocheiro, baga, camarate, castelao, jaen, touriga, 12.5%, 30 months, 12 months in bottle; 12%, 12 months, 6 months, bical, cercial, fernao pires, rabo de ovelha; lower yields, same aging reqs as garrafeira

76
Q

hl/ha for espumante de qualidade

A

120 hl/ha (Bairrada

77
Q

Typical Bairrada blend

A

Touriga Nacional / Baga ; Bical / Fernao Pires

78
Q

What Portuguese region has one red grape which dominates production?

A

Bairrada DOP (Beiras Atlantico VR) - Baga

79
Q

Baga’s preferred soil type?

A

“barros” clay soil

80
Q

What are the subzones of Beira Interior DO?

A

Beira Castelo Rodrigo, Cova de Beira, Pinhel

81
Q

What are the subzones of the Tras-Os-Montes DOP?

A

Chaves, Valpacos, Planalto Mirandes

82
Q

tavora varosa espumante can be branco and tinto? Yields? Grapes for tinto espumante?

A

Yes, 60hl/ha branco; 55hl/ha tinto; touriga, aragonez, pinot noir, alvarelhao tinta barroca

83
Q

What Portuguese appellation was the first demarcated for sparkling wines? (also branco, rosado, tinto still wines)

A

Tavora-Varosa DOP (1989) 500-800m altitude, long season, pinot and chardonnay planted since 100+ years, min. 9 months on the lees

84
Q

What is moscatel Graudo (de Setubal)?

A

Muscat of Alexandria

85
Q

What is Moscatel de Setubal?

A

Varietal Licoroso wines made from Moscatel Graudo (Alexandria) or Moscatel Galego Roxo

86
Q

Aging of Moscatel de Setubal

87
Q

Minimum RS (g/L) for Moscatel de Setubal

A

280 for less than 20 years, 340 for over 20 years

88
Q

Age types of Moscatel de Setubal?

A

10, 20, 30, 40; Superior - 5 yrs min.; Colheita - single harvest

89
Q

Pairing for Moscatel

A

Egg-based deserts with dried fruits

90
Q

What are the major grapes of Palmela DOP?

A

branco - fernao and arinto, tinto - castello (66.7%)

91
Q

Setubal DOP Vinhos Licoroso is based on what grape? Name a producer.

A

Moscatel Roxo (row-show), Moscatel Alejandria - Jose Maria da Fonseca

92
Q

Grape most adapted to sandy soils in peninsula de setubal?

93
Q

“chao de areia”

A

sand - ramisco

94
Q

“chao rija”

A

hard soil - castelão

95
Q

What are the major grapes of the Acores Islands?

A

verdelho, sercial (arinto dos acores), terrantez do Pico

96
Q

Special viticulture in Pico DOP?

A

low stone walls “murinhos” separate “currais” vineyard plots

97
Q

Which two DOPs of Acores produce fortified wines?

A

Biscoitos, Pico, and now Graciosa (as of 2017)

98
Q

What is the minimum aging requirement for Colheita and Reserve Tawny Port? Reserve Ruby?

A

7 years; none for Ruby just better quality

99
Q

minimum sugar levels for port - extra seco, seco, meio seco, doce, muito doce

A

17.5 - 40 g/L, 40 - 65 g/L, 65 - 85 g/L, 85 - 130 g/L, 130 + g/L

100
Q

What is Barco Rabelo?

A

A barge used to transport port barrels - now the river is dammed and trucks are used for transport

101
Q

DOPs of Algarve

A

Lagoa, Portimao, Lagos, Tavira - dry and licoroso

102
Q

The Douro River passes the southeast border of ___, and through the regions of __and ___ after flowing down from the hills of ___ in Spain.

A

Trasmontano, Douro, Vinho Verde; Castilla y Leon

103
Q

Vinho Verde subzones

A

Moncao e Malgaco, Lima, Cavado, Basto, Ave, Amarante, Sousa, Baiao, Paiva

104
Q

Only sub zone exempt from the 11.5 abv. max?

A

Moncao - usually reaches 13 abv.

105
Q

What causes the petillance in Vinho Verde?

A

malolactic in bottle - thousands of small farms produce vinho verde

106
Q

Climate and consequent vine training of Vinho Verde

A

high rainfall, humid summers, Atlantic winds all make for productive terroir - vines trained high to ventilate and combat fungal disease

107
Q

Verde’ in Vinho Verde refers to

A

young wine - released 3-6 months after harvest (not in relation to the green countryside)

108
Q

What is the most planted grape of Vinho Verde and the traditional base for the wines?

109
Q

What are the max yields of Vinho Verde?

A

80 hl/ha - HIGH

110
Q

Most common blend for Vinho Verde

A

Alvarinho, Trajadura, Loureiro

111
Q

White grapes also allowed in Vinho Verde?

A

Aveso, Pederna, Batoca, Azal

112
Q 
Quality levels of Vinho Verde:
Escolha: "select vineyards"
Grande Escolha: "best select vineyards"
Superior
Coheita Selecionada: “select harvest”
Reserva
A

“Escolha” directly translates to “choice”.

Vinho Verde “classic profile”:
Min 8% to max 11.5% finished ABV

Vinho Verde with subregion labeling:

Min 9%
Max 14% potential

Vinho Verde “Alvarinho”:
Min finished ABV 11.5%

113
Q

Portuguese wine law nomenclature changed when?

A

2009 - with European common market reforms (DOC = DOP, VR = IGP)

114
Q

Lancers & Mateus

A

“The brand was created in 1944 after Henry Behar approached JM Fonseca to make a rose specifically suited to the American palate. It was a medium sweet wine that eventually also came in sparkling renditions.
As expected, with the help of Mateus Rose, Lancers denigrated Portugal’s wine reputation. The wine is produced with Castelao. First produced in 1942, Mateus is a slightly sparkling, medium sweet rose wine that helped to destroy Portugal’s early wine reputation. At one point it accounted for 40% of Portuguese wine exports.

115
Q

Fernao Pires is mainly grown in ___ where it is known as ___

A

Bairrada, Maria Gomez

116
Q

Sercial from Madeira is known as ___ on the mainland

A

Esgana Cao

117
Q

What does the term ‘garrafeira’ signify? (literal meaning - “liquor store”)

A

Tinto - 30 months, 12 months bottle; Branco - 12 months, 6 months bottle; single-vintage, OR port style aged 3-6 years in barrel before bottled in demijohns in cellar

118
Q

Dao Nobre aging and abv

A

“Tinto: 11%, May 15th year following harvest
Tinto Reserva: 11.5%, 2 years
Tinto Nobre: 12%, 3 years
Tinto Nobre Reserva: 12.5%, 42 months”

119
Q

What is “palhete”

A

a red wine that allows up to 15% white grapes in the blend

120
Q

In what recent year did major fires in Northern Portugal and Galicia?

121
Q

teinturier grape in red vinho verde

122
Q

Tras Os Montes espumante aging terms

A

Reserva - 12 months; Extra Reserva - 24 months; Grande Reserva / Reserva Velha - 36 months

123
Q

Defining mountain range of Alentejo

A

Serra Sao Mamede 1,000+m - Portalegre subzne in the foothills

124
Q

Special viticulture in Pico DOP?

A

low stone walls “murinhos” separate “currais” vineyard plots, they protect from wind and radiate heat at night - Pico volcano

125
Q

adamado’ definition

126
Q

‘claro’ definition

A

nouveau style wine

127
Q

Who makes ‘Maria Teresa?’

A

Quinta do Crasto

128
Q

Great producers of dry reds from the Douro

A

Wine & Soul (Pintas), Niepoort (Charme, Redoma), Quinta do Crasto (Maria Teresa), SoGrape (Barca Velha)

129
Q

Portugal produces __ % of the world’s cork

130
Q

It takes __ years for a cork tree to reach harvest age, and then it can be stripped every __ years

A

40 years, 7-9 years

131
Q

Who makes the Douro table red “Chryseia”?

132
Q

Grapes of Lafoes DOP (Terras do Dao)

A

branco - arinto; tinto - amaral

133
Q

The major cork forests (montanos) are in what regions?

A

Tejo and Alentejo

134
Q

Who discovered the island of Madeira?

A

Zarco the “squinter” - 15th century at the behest of Prince Henry the Navigator

135
Q

The Two Treaties that made Portuguese wine

A

Windsor 1386 trade agreement with England, Methuen 1703 another trade agreement with preferential tariffs towards Portuguese wine

136
Q

Where would you likely find the Alfrocheiro grape?

A

Dao and Alentejo - similar to Bastardo, berryish

137
Q

“Discovery of Port”

A

1678 two englishmen traveling for a Liverpool wine merchant were enterained by the abbott of Lamego who practiced mutage on his wines (meanwhile Kopke est. 1638 and Croft were already functioning and John Clark was setting up Warre’s)

138
Q

Touriga Nacional synonyms

A

Bical Tinto, Mortagua Preto

139
Q

What is the minimum Residual sugar for all styles of Port?

140
Q

The following label terms relate to what?

Garrafeira

Reserva

Colheita Seleccionada

A

vintage-dated and aging req. 30 mo tinto, 12 mo branco

alcohol 0.5 % higher

alcohol 1% higher

141
Q

What is Douro Reserva vs. Gran Reserva?

A

1% higher alcohol, 12% and 1 year of aging

must succeed a blind tasting panel

142
Q

Touriga Nacional originated where?

A

Dao - now there are much fewer plantings, less than jaen

143
Q

Most planted red grapes in Portugal

A

Tinta Roriz (Aragonez),
Touriga Franca,
Alfrocheiro,
Trincadeira

Master Sommelier Theory (68 decks)

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