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Master Sommelier Theory > Loire Valley > Flashcards

Loire Valley Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

Where are the headwaters of the Loire River?

A

Cevennes mountains (Ardeche - just W of Vallon Pont d’Arc)

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2
Q

2 large regional AOCs

A

cremant de loire, rose de loire

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3
Q

Cremant de Loire authorized grapes (9)

A

PN, Chenin, CH, Grolleau, Orbois, CF, CS, Pineau d’Aunis

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4
Q

What is Prestige de Loire?

A

Unofficial term for vintage-dated cremant de loire

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5
Q

Are the following rose appellations for dry or off-dry styles? a) Rose de Loire b) Cabernet d’Anjou c) Rose d’Anjou d) Haut Poitou

A

a) dry b) off-dry c) off-dry d) dry

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6
Q

What are the local names for CF, Malbec, Chenin, PG, Sauvignon Gris?

A

Breton, Cot, Pineau de la Loire, Malvoisie, Fie

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7
Q

Which recent vintages in most of the Loire did frosts devastate 50-80% of the crop?

A

’19, ’17 (esp. anjou and touraine), ‘16 (esp. muscadet, good for CF)

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8
Q

2013 and 2011

A

13 devastating hail in Vouvray, Montlouis; 11 lots of rot across the region

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9
Q

Best Loire Vintages past 20 years

A

‘18, ‘14 (for muscadet, CF), ‘05, ‘02

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10
Q

Most planted white grape of the Loire

A

melon de bourgogne

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11
Q

3 most planted red grapes in the Loire

A

CF (56%), gamay, PN

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12
Q

Min. total aging for “Prestige de Loire”

A

24 months before release, 9 months on lees, 3 months bottle

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13
Q

Loire biodynamics (producers)

A

Huet, Joly, Chidaine, Dom de l’Ecu, du Closel, Landron (Muscadet), Sansonniere (Marc Angeli - labels wines VdF)

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14
Q

How long must Muscadet “sur lie” be aged on the lees?

A

Until at least March 1 as long as November 30, not marketed until March 8

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15
Q

Which subzones of Muscadet Sevre et Maine must be aged on the lees until at least April 1?

A

Goulaine & Le Pallet

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16
Q

Muscadet Sevre et Maine aged until at least October 1?

A

Mouzillon-Tillieres, Monniere Saint-Fiacre, Chateau Thebaud, Clisson, Gorges

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17
Q

What are the names of the Fiefs Vendeens (2011)?

A

Brem, Mareuil, Chantonnay, Pissotte, Vix (blanc, rose, rouge) chenin, gamay/pn, cf/negrette/pn

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18
Q

When did Melon de Bourgogne gain a foothold in the Nantais?

A

it survived the devastating frosts of 1709-1710 (along with Gros Plant) - was expelled by the Dukes of Burgundy for being overproductive

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19
Q

Parent grapes of Melon de Bourgogne

A

Gouais blanc x Pinot blanc

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20
Q

Which AOP produces white wine from 100% Malvoisie (PG) ?

A

Coteaux d’Ancenis (gamay for rose and rouge)

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21
Q

‘Hermine d’Or’

A

Designation for Muscadet wines - focus on terroir and agability started by Guy Bossard

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22
Q

What is Gabbro and where would you find it?

A

Igneous rock thick with clay - Muscadet Sevre et Maine - (Gorge, Le Pallet, Mouzillon)

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23
Q

Where in Sevre et Maine for granite?

A

Clisson

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24
Q

Where in Sevre et Maine for gneiss?

A

(pressurized, foliated metamorphic rock) Le Pallet, Goulaine, Monnieres, Ch. Thebaud

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25
Q

Dom. de l’Ecu Cuvees

A

Granite, Gneiss, Orthogneiss (from metaphormised igneous rock), and Taurus (granite + orthogneiss)

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26
Q

Worst vintages for Muscadet?

A

2016, 2008 - bad frosts

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27
Q

Which cabernet franc-based appellations are located in “Anjou Noir”?

A

Anjou, Anjou-Villages, Anjou-Villages Brissac - schist and quartz soils (massif armoricaine)

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28
Q

What is the minimum RS in g/L for Quarts de Chaume (Coteaux du Layon 1er Cru)? Chaume? Bonnezeaux? Coteaux du Layon? Aubance (same)

A

85, 80, 51, 34 g/L

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29
Q

Where does the name “Quarts de Chaume” come from?

A

In the middle ages, farmers would pay one quarter of their harvest to the seigneur - the governing lord

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30
Q

Geology of Quarts de Chaume?

A

Schist and sandstone - most of Anjou Noir

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31
Q

Geology of Bonnezeaux?

A

Sandy shale

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32
Q

What are the sweetness levels possible for Savennieres?

A

sec (max. 8g), demi-sec (max 18g), moelleux (18-45g), doux

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33
Q

savennieres - 95% of crop lost in what recent year?

A

2017

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34
Q

As of 2010 what designation may appear on a bottle of Quart de Chaume?

A

Grand Cru

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35
Q

Is cryoextraction or chaptalization permitted for Quarts de Chaume?

A

NO

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36
Q

Driest to Sweetest Anjou Moelleux, Bonnezaux, Chaume, Quart de Chaume “-” (Anjou Moelleux - 18-45 g/L) Anjou

A

“-” (Anjou Moelleux - 18-45 g/L)

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37
Q

Quart de Chaume surrounded on 3 sides by which river?

A

Layon - horseshoe

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38
Q

Sparkling rose is permitted in Anjou but still is not…

A

because they fall under Rose d’Anjou, Cab d’Anjou

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39
Q

Who makes Les Fougerais, Clos de la Hutte - Savennieres

A

Thibaud Boudignon

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40
Q

Name 1 or 2 producers who make Savennieres from the ‘Clos du Papillon’

A

Domaine des Baumard, Domaine du Closel

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41
Q

Producers of Roche aux Moines

A

Domaine aux Moines, Ch. Pierre-Bise, Nicolas Joly

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42
Q

Producers of Quarts de Chaume

A

Des Baumard, Patrick Baudoin, Ogereau, Ch. Pierre-Bise

43
Q

Producers of Bonnezeaux

A

Chateau de Fesles, Rene Renou (Cuvee Zenith), Domaine des Petits Quarts

44
Q

Producers of Coteaux du Layon

A

Moulin Touchais,
Chateau du Breuil,
Phillipe Delesvaux,
Ch. de la Roulerie

45
Q

Producers of Chaume

A

Ch. Soucherie,
Ch. de la Roulerie,
Ch. Pierre-Bise

46
Q

Producers of Coteaux de l’Aubance

A

Domaine de Mongilet, Domaine Richou

47
Q

What are the Coteaux du Layon Villages?

A

Beaulieu (light),

Faye (brushwood),

Rablay (bold),

Rochefort (tannic),

Saint Aubin (delicate aroma),

Saint Lambert (robust)

48
Q

Who brought the idea of harvesting in successive ‘tries’ from Sauternes?

A

Jean Boivin (established Bonnezeaux AOC) - process first developed in Sauternes in the early 1800s

49
Q

What differentiates SGN style from regular Coteaux du Layon or Coteaux de l’Aubance?

A

All wines must be harvested in successive tries, SGN’s must use botrytis-affected grapes whereas regular may also use ‘passerillage sur souche’

50
Q

Which Anjou AOPs are located on the Right Bank?

A

Savennieres,

Roche aux Moines,

Coulee de Serrant

51
Q

Which Anjou Appellations focused on only CF and CS

A

Anjou-Villages, Anjou-Villages Brissac - only 10% CS permitted

52
Q

Coulee de Serrant - 3 sections, what are they called?

A

Grand Clos du Couly, Clos du Chateau, Les Plantes

53
Q

3 Lieux dits of Quarts de Chaume?

A

Les Roueres, Le Veau, Les Quarts

54
Q

Which 3 AOCs dot the Loir Tributary?

A

Coteaux du Loir (Chenin, d’Aunis), Jasnieres, Coteaux du Vendomois (d’Aunis vin gris)

55
Q

What style of wine is made in Touraine Noble-Joue?

A

Vin gris of pinot meunier 50% (w/ PG and PN accessories) max 4 g/L

56
Q

Which geographic subzones of Touraine use Sauv blanc for whites along with generic Touraine? (Which use chenin?)

A

Oisly (blanc only style), Chenonceaux; (Azay-le-Rideau, Mesland, Amboise)

57
Q

What are the sweetness levels possible for Vouvray?

A

sec (max. 8g),

sec-tendre (unofficial),
demi-sec,
moelleux,
liquoreux - rest unofficial

58
Q

What is the name of Huet’s botrytised dessert wine cuvee, sometimes a blend from all 3 vineyards?

A

Cuvee Constance - inaugural vintage 1989

59
Q

Haut Lieu, Le Mont, Clos du Bourg

A

All 3 located on the “premiere cote” of Vouvray. Haut Lieu - original parcel - approachable, Le Mont - most mineral, Clos du Bourg - best balance

60
Q

What are the 3 soil types of Chinon?

A

Varennes - alluvial “terrasses” sands near Vienne river,

Tuffeau - limestone “coteaux” slopes,

Clay

61
Q

What styles of wine are permitted in Chinon?

A

blanc, rose, rouge

62
Q

16th century writer who praised the wines of Chinon?

A

Francois Rabelais “La Vie de Gargantua et Pantagruel” - introduced new words to the French language

63
Q

In which appellations would you most likely find wines made from Pineau d’aunis (usually as rose)?

A

Coteaux du Vendomois, Coteaux du Loir

64
Q

Which SB AOP shares space with goat cheese?

A

Valencay - pyramid shape (tops cut off - from Napoleon’s rage) (rose and rouge from Gamay)

65
Q

Loire tributary bisecting Chinon?

A

Vienne

66
Q

Accessory grape in Vouvray?

A

Orbois (Menu Pineau)

67
Q

Vouvray Producers

A

Huet, Champalou, Foreau, des Aubuisieres, Vigneau Chevreau, Careme

68
Q

Montlouis producers

A

Francois Chidaine, Taille aux Loups, Dominique Moyer (legendary sweet - ’59 and ’47 compete with sancerre)

69
Q

vouvray/montlouis - massive hailstorm

A

2013

70
Q

Touraine WHITE exclusive AOCs

A

Vouvray, Montlouis, Jasnieres

71
Q

Minimum % Chenin in Vouvray?

A

95%, 5% orbois

72
Q

Minimum % Chenin in Montlouis?

A

100%

73
Q

Rose-only Touraine AOC

A

Touraine Noble Joue - Meunier

74
Q

min. CF in Chinon ?

A

90%, 10% cab sauv

75
Q

Chinon blanc?

A

Baudry, Olga Riffault

76
Q

Good quality Saumur Brut?

A

Bouvet-Ladubay (Tresor) (can include Chardonnay)

77
Q

Top producers of Saumur

A

Guiberteau, du Collier, Thierry Germain, Arnaud Lambert, Chateau Yvonne

78
Q

Bottlings of Clos Rougeard

A

Le Bourg - most expensive (oldest vines 80+ years), Les Poyeux - newest barrels, Le Clos - older barrels, Saumur blanc Breze

79
Q

3 permitted red grapes of Saumur AOP

A

CF (85%), CS, pineau d’aunis

80
Q

Origin of the name “Saumur-Champigny”

A

Latin: Campus Ignis for “Field of Fire” - midsummer heat (100 miles of field and woodland separate from the ocean)

81
Q

Clos Rougeard sold in what year and to who?

A

2017 - Bouygues bros - owners of Montrose

82
Q

Saumur AOP “Breze”

A

Highest quality area of Saumur-Champigny, tuffeau with high calcium content

83
Q

Who makes ‘Clos la Neore?’

A

Edmond Vatan - Sancerre (Mont Damnes - Chavignol) - 1ha vineyard (severe pruning to limit yields)

84
Q

What are the sweetness levels for Cour-Cheverny?

A

sec (max 8g), off-dry (8g/L +)

85
Q

Which center Loire AOCs produce red and rose wine from pinot noir?

A

Sancerre, Menetou-Salon, Reuilly (also PG vin gris), Coteaux du Giennois, Chateaumeillant

86
Q

What is the primary soil type of the following vineyards in Sancerre - a) Chene Marchand (Bue) b) Les Monts Damnes (Chavignol) c) Les Romains (Sancerre)

A

caillottes (oxfordian limestone w/ pebbles); terre blanche (kimmeridgean); silex (clay/flint)

87
Q

What type of trellising is most common in Sancerre?

A

Guyot simple - relatively high density (7,000-10,000)

88
Q

What is the predominate soil type of the Cotes du Forez, Cotes Roannaises, and Cotes d’Auvergne

A

Volcanic basalt

89
Q

Which Center Loire AOP focuses mainly on reds and roses from pinot noir and gamay? Center France AOPs?

A

Coteaux du Giennois, Chateaumeillant (far south - north edge of massif central), Saint Pourcain, (Cotes d’Auvergne, gamay exclusively - Cotes Roannaises, Cotes du Forez)

90
Q

Which Center Loire AOP focuses solely on cabernet franc?

A

Orleans-Clery

91
Q

What is the general location (in relation to town of Sancerre) and major soil type of the following Sancerre Villages - Chavignol, Bue, Menetreol-sous-Sancerre?

A

NW of Sancerre “terres blanches” kimmeridgean - western hills, SW of Sancerre - “caillottes” oxfordian limestone flatter valleys, most common, SE of Sancerre - similar soil as Sancerre “silex” closer to river (widespread in Pouilly sur Loire)

92
Q

What is the one and only AOP in the Allier dept.?

A

St. Pourcain “lost burgundy” - CH and Sacy (Tressalier) (w/ 10% max SB)

93
Q

True or False, Sancerre was planted mostly to gamay, pinot, and chasselas before 1860?

A

True - regrafting to sauvignon blanc proved wise as it was more successful

94
Q

Other famous agricultural product with an AOP from Sancerre?

A

Crottin de Chavignol

95
Q

Which 5 central vineyard AOPs require 100% SB for vin blanc

A 
Sancerre, 
Pouilly Fume, 
Menetou-Salon, 
Reuilly, 
Coteaux du Giennois

Quincy allows Sauvignon Gris
Orleans CH and PG

96
Q

Cheverny AOP grapes and styles

A

SB/SG, Orbois, Chenin blanc, gamay, PN, CF, cot

97
Q

Who’s credited with creating cigar shaped barrels?

A

Didier Dagueneau - expand the lees surface area, without expanding oak surface area

98
Q

Dagueneau bottlings

A

Asteroid (ungrafted in La Folie vineyard), Buisson Renard (Buisson Menard), Pur Sang (La Folie Vineyard), Silex (Le Bois de Saint Andelain 60+ year old vines), Mont Damnes, Pouilly Fume, Babylone

99
Q

Which river flows through Quincy and Reuilly?

A

Le Cher

100
Q

Single vineyards of Chavignol

A

Les Monts Damnes, Cul de Beaujeu, La Grande Cote

101
Q

Southernmost AVA of the Loire Valley

A

Cotes d’Auvergne

102
Q

Base grape of Orleans rouge?

A

Meunier

103
Q

Auvernat blanc

A

chardonnay - local name in Orleans (under control of the Dukes of Burgundy)

104
Q

Where would you find wines made from Pinot Meunier (usually vin gris)?

A

Touraine Noble Joue, Orleans

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