Piemonte Flashcards
All DOCG for Dolcetto require what %
100%
All DOCG white-only of Piemonte require what % of the grape?
100%
Gavi,
Erbaluce,
Moscato d’Asti
Other DOCG:
(Roero “Arneis” 95%)
(Terre Alfieri “Arneis” 85%)
What are the sottozona (subzones) of Barbera d’Asti Superiore?
Tinella,
Colli Astiani
24 mo, 6mo oak, 6mo bottle, 13% abv
Which DOCG for barbera imposes the longest aging requirements?
Nizza Riserva
30mo, 12mo oak
What 3 accessory varieties may make up the remaining 10% of Barbera d’Asti DOCG?
freisa,
grignolino,
dolcetto
Piemonte synonym for vermentino
favorita
What is the upper limit of acquired abv for Moscato d’Asti DOCG?
max. final 6.5% (4.5% acquired = 11%)
True or False, all white wine DOCGs in Piemonte produce sparkling wine?
TRUE
Who created the modern style of Moscato d’Asti?
Giovan Battista Croce - jeweler to the nobles of Savoy - 16th century. The old method was successive filtration through cloth bags and the semi-fermented must would be bottled in winter (finish in bottle with RS).
Destemming and pressing are handled quickly and gently, then the must is kept chilled.
It is later fermented in batches in pressurized tanks. The pressurized tanks and low temperatures help retain CO2.
Before the wine reaches 6.5% abv, it is chilled and or filtered to stop fermentation.
Nebbiolo synonyms
chiavennesca, spanna, picutener, picotiendro
Alta Langa wines must be vintage dated
TRUE
Moscato d’Asti min. bar?
2.5 atm
Nervi was recently acquired by
Giacomo Conterno - 2018
Alto Piemonte umbrella DOC for Ghemme, Sizzano, Boca, Fara
Colline Novaresi
Umbrella DOC for Gattinara, Bramaterra, Lessonna
Coste della Sesia
Piemonte most planted red grape? white grape?
Barbera, Moscato
Gavi DOCG is in what province? (1st white wine DOCG in Piemonte)
Alessandria
100% dolcetto DOCGs
Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore, Diano d’Alba, Dogliani
Largest DOCG producer in Italy
Asti DOCG - 650,000,000 hl - 260 olympic swimming pools
Barbera d’Asti, Barbera del, Ruche di…
Asti, Monferrato, Castiglione
Best producers of Gattinara
Nervi, Antoniolo, Travaglini
Best producers of Ghemme
Cantalupo, Rovellotti
Best producers of Boca
Le Piane
Best producers of Lessona
Colombera & Garella, Sperino
Best producers Fara
Boniperti
Best producers Sizzano
Villa Guelpa
Best producers Carema
Cooperativa
Best producers Bramaterra
Le Pianelle, Colombera & Garella
Best producers Valtellina
Ar Pe Pe, Nino Negri, Dirupi
What is the key to Nebbiolo’s ageability?
dry extract, total acidity, tannins, and alcohol
What is the main soil of Roero?
Sandy
What are the viti risks of Nebbiolo?
Spring Frost, Autumn Rain - wind & hail
What is Sfursat/Sforzato?
Dry passito wine made from Nebbiolo - similar to Amarone (Sandro Fay, Mamete Prevostini, Triacca)
Picotendro DOC in Valle d’Aosta?
Donnas (Produttori Donnas)
Best terroirs for Nebbiolo?
Diagonal line through the city of Barolo from NW to SE:
Rocche dell’Annunziata, Brunate, Cerequio (La MORRA), Cannubi (BAROLO), Rocche di Castiglione (CASTIGLIONE), Bussia (MONFORTE), Vigna Rionda, Falleto (SERRALUNGA)
What is the stylistic difference between Barbera d’Alba and d’Asti?
Alba Barbera is plump, juicy, and lush,
Asti Barbera is savory, mineral, and structured
2 DOCs that use Nebbiolo
Carema, Boca, Fara, Bramaterra, Langhe, Lessona, Sizzano
Recent heatwave in Barolo?
2017
Angelo Gaja bottlings ’96-’13 wines were labelled as?
because of 5% barbera - Langhe DOC
Sori Tilden, Sperss, Sori San Lorenzo, Dagromis
Bruno Giacosa did not make wine in which recent vintages?
2006 - Bruno’s passing, 2010 - winemaker issues
Produttori bottlings
Asili, Rabaja, Ovello, Montestefano, Montefico
Martinenga - separate bottling
Marchese di Gresi, Gajun and Campro
Who makes Monfortino Barolo?
Roberto Conterno (Giacomo) sourced from the Cascina Francia vineyard in Serra Lunga d’Alba
Minimum required elevation for vineyards used to make Barolo DOCG?
170 meters
Tributaries of Tanaro which run through Barolo
Tanaro -
talloria dell’annunziata,
talloria di castiglione
Nebbiolo clones, Nebbiolo rose separate variety (elvio cogno - riserva vigna elena)
Bolla (overabundant yield - no longer allowed),
Lampia (DEPENDABLE - most planted - balanced profile),
Mischet (BEST - virus-affected, small bunches - low yield, high phenolics),
Rose (different genotype - high sugar and acid, low phenolics and color but highly perfumed)
3 Communes located entirely in Barolo DOCG
Barolo, Castiglione Falletto, Serralunga d’Alba
Other communes of Barolo (outside of Barolo, Castiglione, Serralunga) - 11 total
La Morra, Novello, Monforte d’Alba, Diano d’Alba, Verduno, Grinzane Cavour, Cherasco, Roddi
Boschi di Beri
La Morra, 150 yr old pre-phylloxera dolcetto vines, Marcarini
Best vintages for Barolo in the 1970s?
1970,
1971 (good in burgundy),
1979 (good in burgundy)
Best 90’s vintages for Barolo
1990,
1996,
1999
Best 00’s vintages for Barolo
2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
Best 80’s vintages for Barolo
1989, 1985, 1982
Best Crus of Verduno
Monvigliero (Burlotto, Alessandria,)
La Morra - best vineyards
Brunate (Altare, Marcarini, Voerzio, Giuseppe Rinaldi “Brunate Le Coste”),
Cerequio (Voerzio),
Rocche del’Annunziata (Corino, Paolo Scavino, Voerzio)
Barolo - best vineyards
Cannubi (E. Pira, Bartolo Mascarello),
Cannubi Boschis (Luciano Sandrone), Sarmassa (Voerzio)
Novello - best vineyards
Ravera (Elvio Cogno - “Bricco Pernice”, GD Vajra, Vietti)
Castiglione Falletto
Monprivato (Giuseppe Mascarello),
Rocche di Castiglione (Brovia, Vietti),
Villero (Montezemolo, Bruno Giacosa, Vietti)
Monforte d’Alba - best vineyards
Ginestra (Domenico Clerico, Elio Grasso),
Bussia - massive (see sub areas),
Mosconi (E. Pira, Conterno, Clerico),
(Santo Stefano di) Perno (Giuseppe Mascarello, Rocche dei Manzoni)
Serralunga d’Alba - best vineyards
Vigna Rionda (Massolino, Bruno Giacosa, Fratelli Oddero),
Falletto (Bruno Giacosa),
Francia (Conterno “Monfortino”)
Brea (Brovia),
Cerretta (Conterno, Altare, Giovanni Rosso, Luigi Baudana)
Lazzarito (Vietti)
Bussia - best parts
Cicala (Aldo Conterno), Romirasco (Aldo Conterno), Pianpolvere Soprano (Giacomo Fennocchio)
Mascarello only uses one clone ?
Mischet
Monopole from Giacomo Conterno?
Francia - Monfortino (Serralunga)
Bartolo Mascarello’s political statement
No barrique, no Berlusconi - cappello sommerso - submersed cap
Barolo min % coming from an MGA?
100%
Moscato d’Asti sweetness
90-110 g/L; Asti (70-90)
max abv for Moscato d’Asti
6.5% max; 11% potential
True or False, most Asti wines undergo a single fermentation
True! - exception of metodo classico
True or False, Moscato d’Asti is the more commercial product than Asti Spumante?
False! Asti spumante is fully sparkling and off-dry and dominated by big firms like Martini & Rossi and Cinzano;
Moscato d’Asti is lightly fizzy and more artisanal
True or False, Asti is Italy’s largest production appellation by volume?
FALSE #4 after 1) Prosecco DOC 2) Delle Venezie 3) Chianti DOCG
What methods are allowed to make Asti spumante?
Charmat OR “metodo classico” (less common because it is more expensive and obscures the delicate aromas of moscato bianco)
What is the historical style of Asti wines?
Passito
Who is responsible for the rise in popularity of sparkling Asti?
Carlo Gancia in 1870 - brought the champagne method back from champagne
Moscato d’Asti became popular when?
Subsequent to WWII
Where are Moscato vines planted in Asti?
Only on hillsides, prohibited on valley floor and plains
Differences in Moscato d’Asti styles?
Langhe hills - more aromatic;
Monferrato hills - richer in body
Who invented the tank method for sparkling wine?
Frederico Martinotti - 1895
Who perfected the tank method?
Eugene Charmat - 1907 (Stainless Steel)
What techniques are employed to preserve freshness and aroma in moscato d’Asti?
Sterile Filtration and Temperature control
True or False, Most Moscato d’Asti is Vintage?
FALSE! most Asti Spumante is non-vintage, they use must from successive harvests is usually blended for consistency of product; Moscato d’Asti IS best young and is bottled at different points during the year
Town at the heart of Moscato d’Asti which is also a legal sub zone requiring 100% moscato bianco, also a synonym
Canelli
What is the Asti encepagement?
min. 97% moscato bianco with other aromatic varieties
Producers of Moscato d’Asti?
Ca d'Gal (Lu and Matteo's fave), Vietti, Saracco, GD Vajra, Elio Perrone, Oddero, La Spinetta
What is the main climatic difference between Barolo and Barbaresco?
Barbaresco is closer to the Tanaro, ripens earlier - milder climate
Most common vine training in Barolo
Guyot
Arborio Rice is mainly produced where?
Po River Valley
What is the only DOCG in Piemonte for both red and white wine?
Roero,
Terra d’Alfieri
Classic pasta from Langhe and Monferrato hills?
Agnolotti del plin - small rectangular and filled with braised meat, in a butter or broth based sauce
Famous Alba cheese?
Bra - raw cow’s milk (aged 6 months to 2 years)
What is Bagna Cauda?
hot dipping sauce with anchovies and garlic emulsified in oil
Brasato al Barolo
Beef braised in Barolo (Bourguinon style)
Carne Cruda
Sliced or Ground raw beef with lemon, olive oil, truffles or charred mushrooms
Salsiccia di Bra
Eaten raw with lemon juice
Castelmagno
flaky, nutty cheese made from raw cow’s milk - semi-hard but can be melted for pasta and risotto
Tajarin
egg pasta with high ration of egg yolks - fine strands - usually with meat ragout or sage and butter
Toma Piemontese
soft ripened but pasteurized, with a porcini flavor (similar to camembert and brie)
Tomini
Fresh cow or goat’s milk cheese marinated in olive oil with pepper, herbs, garlic - antipasti
When is truffle season?
October/November
Where is the center of Vermouth production in Italy?
Torino - Antonio Benedetti Carpano - original formula in 1786 had wormwood
What is typically the first variety to bud break in Piedmont?
Nebbiolo
Modern Barolo was conceived when?
1844 - as a dry, still wine - the Count of Cavour (Camillo Benso) enlisted Louis Oudart - closed vats, large barrels, sulfur additions, glass bottles
First vintners to Estate Bottle in Barolo
Cavalotto,
Bartolo Mascarello
First vineyard designated wines?
1960’s - Gaja, Prunotto, Giacosa
Very first vineyard designated wine?
Marcarini - 1958 Brunate
How many DOCGs in Italy and DOCG’s are in Piemonte?
42, 18 - highest in Italy
Most recent DOCG in Piemonte?
Terre d’Alfieri - 2020 - for arneis and nebbiolo
T or F IGT category does not exist in Piemonte
True! Must declassify to “vino”
Umbrella DOC’s of Langhe allowing for multiple varietal wines?
Langhe; Canavese
Where is Erbaluce grown?
Caluso commune in Alto Piemonte
Dora Baltea flows here before joining Po
Grignolino
Monferrato (Casalese) and Asti
Freisa
Asti and Turin
Ruche
Castagnole Monferrato (near Asti)
Pelaverga
Verduno
Brachetto
d’Acqui
Vespolina
Alto Piemonte
Uva Rara
Alto Piemonte
Croatina
Alto Piemonte
Alto Piemonte Geography
Novara and Vercelli hills
Which appellation has the longest history with quality nebbiolo?
Gattinara - “spanna” - one hands span off the ground - Greek training method
2 Powerhouses of production in Piedmont
Langhe (Barolo & Barbaresco) in Alba;
Monferrato (Asti)
Po River valley is located between what mountain chains?
Alps to NW, Appenines to SE
Italian Unification ‘Resorgimento’ was initiated when and where?
1861 in Turin - the parliament of Savoy proclaims the Kingdom of Italy
True or False, Barolo accounts for only 10% of the vines in Piedmont
True!
True or False, 70% of Piemontese vines are Moscato, Barbera, Dolcetto
True!
True or False, Cortese and Arneis are the most planted white grapes in Piemonte for dry white wines?
False - Chardonnay (for sparkling)
Which winery pioneered Cortese di Gavi? Other producers?
La Scolca; Enrico Serafino
What is Piemonte’s largest red wine appellation by volume?
Barbera d’Asti
What are the sottozona (subzones) of Barbera d’Asti superiore?
Tinella, Colli Astiani,
24 mo, 6mo oak, 6mo bottle, 13% abv
100% dolcetto DOCGs
Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore, Diano d’Alba, Dogliani Piemonte
Only Monopole Cru in Barbaresco?
Martinenga - Marchesi di Gresy
Communi di Barbaresco
Barbaresco,
Neive,
Treiso,
San Rocco Seno d’Elvio (Alba)
Largest Cru of Barbaresco
Ovello
In what cru are contained Sori Tilden and Coste Russi?
Roncagliette (Babaresco)
Crus of Neive
Albesani, Gallina, Cotta, Cura, Fausoni, Serraboella
Crus of Treiso
Pajore,
Nervo,
Rombone
Where is Falleto estate?
In Serralunga d’Alba - purchased by Giacosa in 1982;
wine made from Serralunga, La Morra, and parts of Barbaresco
Top producers of Barbaresco
Gaja, Giacosa (Falletto) , Produttori, Roagna, Sottimano, Cigliutti, La Spinetta, Cerretto
What type of soil is in Barbaresco?
Tortonian - clay with more silt and sand than in Barolo
DOC Colli Tortonesi grape?
Timorasso
DOCG in Piemonte with highest oak elevage?
Gattinara Riserva (36 months)
5 DOC for Nebbiolo in Piemonte
Carema, Lessona, Sizzano, Boca, Fara
Gaja and Ray - grape variety and appellation
$250 (chardonnay - Langhe DOC)
Most planted commune in Barolo?
La Morra
Cannubi appendages
Boschis, Valeta, Moscatel, San Lorenzo
min. % spanna in Gattinara and Ghemme
90% Gattinara (Vespolina and Bonarda),
85% Ghemme (blending partners - Uva Rara and Vespolina)
Erbaluce di Caluso styles
bianco seco, traditional method spumante (15 months on the lees), passito
Sori San Lorenzo (Gaja) is located in what Barbaresco Cru?
Other Gaja bottlings located where?
Coste Russi, Sori Tilden
Secondine;
Rongcagliette
Santo Stefano (Giacosa) Barbaresco Cru is located where?
Albesani in Neive
Aging for Barbaresco and Riserva
26, 50 - 9 months oak
Barolo
38, 62 - 18 months oak
Alta Langa aging requirements
Elevation requirement?
30, 36 riserva - always vintage - 9 month sur lie
250 meters altitude
First single vineyard Moscato d’Asti?
La Spinetta from Bricco Quaglia
Alta Langa DOCG requirements, uvaggio
Vintage-dated, traditional method sparkling,
30 months total aging,
9 months sur lie
(Riserva = 36 months);
90% PN and/or CH
Cappello Sommerso
Submerged Cap- for extended maceration
Cardamaro base flavor
Cardoon (artichoke thistle)
5 crus made by Produttori del Barbaresco (of 9 total)
Ovello, Asili, Rabaja, Pora, Moccagatta, Montefico, Paje, Rio Sordo, Montestefano
Official subzone of Langhe
Novello - for Nascetta
Gaja “Dagromis”
Blend of Serralunga and La Morra fruit
Gaja “Darmaggi” based on what grape?
“Dommage” - Cabernet Sauvignon - planted Cab in a site slated for Nebbiolo
Sabje Astiani soil?
Sandy - poor water retention - central Monferrato (banks of Tanaro)
Gavi DOCG % Cortese?
100% cortese
First DOCG to have unofficial MGA’s?
Diano d’Alba - 1930s (Boschi di Beri)
MGA’s were officially established in what year?
2007
How many MGA’s are there in Barbaresco?
66 - each may contain a “Vigna” - single vineyard name
Barbaresco communi differences in wine style?
Barbaresco - balanced and complex;
Neive - firm tannins;
Treiso - perfume and elegance (high elevation and sandier soil)
MGA’s of Barbaresco
Asili,
Rabaja,
Rio Sordo,
Montestefano
MGA’s of Neive
Albesani,
Gallina
MGA’s of Treiso
Nervo,
Pajore
What 2 DOCG’s does Dolcetto d’Alba encompass?
Barolo and Barbaresco
What geographical feature separates west from east in the Roero Hills?
Rocche - rocky cliffs running SW -> NE;
alluvial clay soils (arneis) in west,
sandy soils in the east (nebbiolo)
What is unique to Nebbiolo grown in Carema?
The vines are trained on pergolas - min. 85% picutener
Barbera grown in the Barolo and Barbaresco zones is labeled as…
Barbera d’Alba
What are the possible styles of Erbaluce di Caluso?
passito, dry still, and spumante (producer - Ferrando)
What is Dogliani DOCG?
100% Dolcetto wines from high elevation Langhe hills - normale and superior (producer - Raineri)
What is Diano d’Alba DOCG?
100% Dolcetto wines from the hilltop commune of Diano d’Alba - normale and superiore (producer - Alario Claudio)
What are the possible styles of Brachetto d’Acqui?
frizzante, spumante, and passito (producer - Braida)
What are the possible styles of Alta Langa DOCG?
Vintage-dated spumante, rosato, riserva
What is the min. % nebbiolo for Barolo and Barbaresco?
100%
First vintage made by the Cantine Sociale di Barbaresco?
1894
French region that shares border with Piedmont?
Provence/Liguria
DOCG Nebbiolo
Barolo, Barbaresco, Gattinara, Ghemme. Roero
Most planted red and white grapes?
barbera, moscato bianco
How long must a DOC be in existence before DOCG
5 years
Bruno Giacosa
Notable Barbarescos and Barolos?
The Giacosa red-label Riservas are particularly legendary in the Langhe and are some of the top wines of all of Italy. They are generally only produced a few times each decade.
Most notable Barbaresco wines:
○Albesani Santo Stefano
○Asili
○Rabaja
Most notable Barolo wines:
○Falletto
○Collina Rionda (1967-1993)
He previously purchased all of his fruit for the Barolo wines from local growers until he began to acquire his own vineyards, starting in 1982.