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Master Sommelier Theory > Chile > Flashcards

Chile Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

When was Chilean independence?

A

1818 - Bernardo O’Higgins (Irish born Spaniard)

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2
Q

Who is Claudio Gay?

A

Imported plantings from France - repository for pre-phylloxera vines 1830

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3
Q

What is Vina Ochagavia?

A

Founded 1851 - Chile’s first ‘modern’ winery - French cuttings - Santiago

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4
Q

19th century Chilean vintner common thread?

A

All made money in the mining industry and created wineries as symbol of culture and sophistication

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5
Q

What are the 5 geographical sectors of Chile?

A 
Norte Grande, 
Norte Chico, 
Zona Central, 
Zona Sur, 
Zona Austral
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6
Q

Best recent vintages for Chile?

Worst?

A 
’19, 
’18, 
’15, 
'14 (frost in esp. Casablanca) - yields down, quality ok
'13

’17 fires + smoke taint, heat
’16 rain - very wet
‘10 - earthquake in Maule & Curico

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7
Q

Recent wildfire vintage in Chile?

A

2017 - Maule hit hardest

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8
Q

What is the minimum ABV permitted for any wine in Chile?

A

11.5%

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9
Q

What is the average width of Chile?

A

110 miles

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10
Q

What is the altitude range of the Chilean vineyard?

A

200-7,200 ft

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11
Q

List the 6 regional DO’s of Chile from North to South

A 
Atacama, 
Coquimbo, 
Aconcagua, 
Valle Central, 
Sur, 
Austral
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12
Q

When was Chilean wine law established?

A

1995

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13
Q

What are the minimum abv requirements for Chilean wines?

Reserva/Reserva Especial?

Reserva Privada/Gran Reserva?

A

11.5%,

12%,

12.5%

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14
Q

Which Chilean label terms indicate some amount of oak aging?

A

Reserva Especial (12%),

Gran Reserva (12.5%)

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15
Q

Which Chilean label terms do not indicate oak?

A

Reserva (12%),

Reserva Privada (12.5%)

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16
Q

Who are the BIG 3 producers of Chilean Wine?

A 
Concha y Toro (Maipo), 
Santa Rita (Maipo), 
San Pedro (Curico)
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17
Q

What is MOVI?

A

Independent Vintners association - small producers (Garage Wine Co., Montescano, Von Siebenthal, Kingston)

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18
Q

What is VIGNO?

A

Carignan growers association - 30 yr old, dry farmed, head trained vines from Maule - ‘secano interior’

  • RULES -
    must be 85% carginan
    aged for 2 years
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19
Q

High elevation (Andes) DO zones of Colchagua for premium wine production

A

Apalta (Entre Cordilleras),
Los Lingues,
San Fernando,
Chimbarongo

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20
Q

What are the sub-zones of San Antonio DO in Chile?

A

Leyda and Lo Abarca (right on coast)

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21
Q

Claro, Tutuven, and Loncomilla Valleys are located in:

A

Maule

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22
Q

What 2 wines placed ahead of Ch. Lafite and Ch. Margaux in the 2004 Berlin tasting?

A

Vinedo Chadwick (Maipo)

Sena (Aconcagua) - Errazuriz

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23
Q

Limari is suitable for PN and CH; major DO and town name?

A

Gap in the coast range, cool region, Ovalle

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24
Q

What is required to join the Vignadores de Carignan (VIGNO)?

A

Wines must be composed of 85% carignan, dry-farmed, head trained vines, minimum 30 years old, from Maule (Western Maule - secano interior)

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25
Q

Which Chilean label designations require some amount of oak aging?

A

Reserva Especial and Gran Reserva

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26
Q

Costa DO area of Aconcagua

A

Quillota

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27
Q

Andes DOs of Maipo

A

Santiago,
Pirque (Harras de Pirque),
Puente Alto,
Buin

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28
Q

Carmenere parentage

A

Cabernet Franc x Gros Cabernet (Fer x Hondurrabi Beltza)

BASQUE origin

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29
Q

From the 1500’s to 1881 the contested border between the Chilean settlers and the native Mapuche was located where?

A

The Bio Bio River

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30
Q

Chile’s climate is most comparable to what other wine famous wine region?

A

California - East Pacific Cold Ocean - inversion layer, warmer inland, cooler near coast and at elevation

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31
Q

What is the Denominacion de Origen structure of Chile?

A

Regions > Subregions > Zones > Areas

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32
Q

What % of grapes are required for the label terms: costa, entre cordilleras, andes

A

85%

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33
Q

Where were the first vines planted in Chile?

A

mid 1560s vines in Santiago - in Itata and Maule in the 1500s - Pais brought from Canary Islands? Mexico? (missionaries)

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34
Q

The Nahuelbuta Mountain range affects what region?

A

Bio Bio

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35
Q

Major climate factors of Chile?

A

cold Humbolt current flowing north, high-pressure system Pacific Anticyclone = warm, dry days during growing season with cool nights and morning fog, and a short, wet winter

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36
Q

What effect do El Nino and La Nina have on vintages?

A

El Nino - warm ocean surface temperatures, rains;

La Nina - cool, dry conditions

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37
Q

Which regions make up the Valle Central?

A

Maipo,
Rapel (Cachapoal, Colchagua),
Curico,
Maule

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38
Q

Best sites in Chile for Cabernet Sauvignon?

A

Puente Alto,
Pirque,
Totihue (Andes - Maipo)

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39
Q

Good examples of Chilean merlot?

A 
Montes (Colchagua), 
Casa Lapostolle (Cuvee Alexander Apalta), 
Veramonte (Casablanca), 
Carmen (Gran Reserva Apalta), 
Casa Silva (Colchagua)
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40
Q

Hot spots for Chilean Chardonnay

A 
LIMARI, 
Casablanca, 
San Antonio, 
Bio Bio, 
Malleco
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41
Q

What were the two main historical influences on Chile’s modern wine scene?

A

1979 - Miguel Torres establishes his winery in Curico. Introduces stainless steel fermenters, reductive white wine vinification, temperature control, cellar hygiene, gentle, pneumatic pressing;

1990 - military regime ends, foreign investors and winemakers enter in

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42
Q

Who makes Clos Apalta?

A

Casa Lapostolle - Colchagua - grapes are hand de-stemmed

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43
Q

Who makes Manse de Velasco?

A

Torres - old vine cabernet from Curico

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44
Q

Odfjell

A

Blends from Central Valley, Maipo, Maule, Casablanca

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45
Q

Altair

A

Blends from Cachapoal

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46
Q

Casas del Bosque wines

A

Syrah, PN, CH, SB from Casablanca;

reds from Rapel

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47
Q

What wine put Elqui Valley on the map?

A

Vina Falernia ‘Alta Tierra’ Syrah 2002 (won the 2005 wine competition in Santiago)

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48
Q

What are the main features of the Elqui Valley?

A

Fringe of the Atacama desert, arid, clear skies, dramatic, high-walled valley

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49
Q

Most promising project in Elqui?

A

Vinedos de Alcohuaz - ‘Tococo’ syrah, GS(malbec+petit sirah)

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50
Q

What are the defining features of the Limari DO?

A

Some calcareous soils for quality chardonnay, morning fog “Camanchaca” (similar to Napa), protection of Coastal Range

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51
Q

Key producers of Limari

A

Tabali (San Pedro) ’Talinay’ CH and SB,

Maycas del Limari (Concha y Toro) ‘Quebrada Seca’,

De Martino,

Torres

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52
Q

Key producers of Aconcagua Valley

A

Errazuriz ‘Don Maximiano’ (CS, merlot, syrah, carmenere) also PN, CH, Syrah,

‘Sena,’ (split with Mondavi in 2004);

Von Siebenthal,

Montes PN and Syrah,

Clos des Fous ‘Arenaria’ Costa PN

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53
Q

What are the biggest viticultural risks in Casablanca?

A

Frost and Nematodes (in sandier soils, prey esp. on CH and PN)

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54
Q

What are the main soils of Casablanca?

A

decomposed red granite, clay, and sand

55
Q

What is the climate of Casablanca?

A

long growing season : cooling ocean breezes, humid and maritime with morning fog, but good sun exposure

56
Q

Key producers of Casablanca

A 
Cono Sur,
Casas del Bosque, 
Kingston, 
Ritual, Veramonte, (Primus) 
Montsecano,
57
Q

What is the specialty of Valle de San Antonio?

A

Sauvignon Blanc

58
Q

What are the DO sub zones of San Antonio?

A

Leyda and Lo Abarca (+ Cartagena outside zone)

59
Q

Who are the key producers of San Antonio?

A

Vina Leyda,
Garces Silva (Amayna),
Matetic (Rosario sector),
Casa Marin

60
Q

Who is the flagship producer of Lo Abarca DO?

A

Casa Marin

61
Q

Good examples of Carmenere (Colchagua)?

A 
Louis Felipe Edwards, 
Casa Silva ‘Los Lingues’, 
Montes ‘Purple Angel’, 
Viu Manent ‘El Incidente’, 
Antiyal ‘Vinedo Escorial’ (Maipo), 
Concha y Toro ‘Carmin del Peumo’ (Cachapoal), 
Errazuriz ‘Kai’
62
Q

Colchagua producers

A

Montes,
Los Vascos,
Casa Silva,
Lapostolle

63
Q

Los Lingues, Marchihue, and Lolol are DO areas of?

A

Colchagua

64
Q

Who makes ‘Altura’?

A

Casa Silva (Colchagua - CS, Carm)

65
Q

Who makes Casa Real?

A

Santa Rita (Maipo - CS)

66
Q

Who makes Don Maximiano?

A

Errazuriz (Aconcagua - BDX blend)

67
Q

What is the main river flowing through Colchagua and its major wine town?

A

The Tinguiririca; Santa Cruz

68
Q

Which wine region in Chile is most geared towards tourism?

A

Colchagua - the “Napa Valley’ of Chile - region forms a “U” shape surrounding Cachapoal

69
Q

What is the soil type of Puente Alto?

A

alluvial gravel and stones under mixed loam

  • elegant wines, ex.: Vinedo Chadwick, Almaviva, Don Melchor
70
Q

Peumo DO is located where?

A

Cachapoal

71
Q

Don Melchor blend

A

CS, Merlot, CF, PV

72
Q

Almaviva blend

A

CS, Carmenere … small doses of CF, merlot, PV

73
Q

Vinhedo Chadwick blend

A

CS (may have carm or PV)

74
Q

What is the most planted grape in the Limari Valley?

A

Chardonnay

75
Q

Lontue and Teno Valleys are located in …?

A

Curico

76
Q

Regional temperatures begin to drop in what Chilean region?

A

Curico

77
Q

Altair and Anakena are producers in which region?

A

Cachapoal - warmer than Maipo and Colchagua

78
Q

Old vines and quality carmenere, merlot, and syrah vineyards can be found in what area of Cachapoal?

A

Peumo - Entre Cordilleras (Central Depression)

79
Q

T or F - Cachapoal does not feature any Costa DO areas?

A

True! - it is landlocked and surrounded by the U-shaped Colchagua

80
Q

Which famous DO area lies on the south face of the hills between Peumo and Colchagua?

A

Apalta

81
Q

Carmenere thrives in what type of soil?

A

Alluvial, somewhat fertile soils, long, even growing season - Peumo - (Concha y Toro ‘Terrunyo’ Carmenere) foothills of the Andes

82
Q

Best recent vintages for Chile?

A

’15,
’14,
’07,
‘05 - excellent

83
Q

Key producers of Colchagua

A 
Clos Apalta, 
Los Vascos, 
Montes, 
Luis Felipe Edwards, 
Emiliana, 
Casa Silva, 
Koyle, 
Neyen, 
Viu Manent
84
Q

Los Lingues, Marchihue, and Lolol are DO areas of?

A

Colchagua - Andes, Cordilleras, Costa

85
Q

What are the subregions of Curico?

A

Lontue & Teno (Rivers)

86
Q

Marchigue, Lolol, and San Fernando are DO areas of?

A

Colchagua

87
Q

Key producers of Curico

A

Miguel Torres,

San Pedro Echeverria

88
Q

What are the soil types of Maule?

A

Granite - and closer to the valley floor of the Maule River - gravel, red clay, loam

89
Q

What are the DO zones of Maule?

A

Claro, Loncomilla, Tutuven

90
Q

T or F - Dry farming in Maule is much easier due to increased rainfall relative to the rest of the Valle Central

A

True!

91
Q

What are the rules of VIGNO?

A 
85% carignan, 
30-yr old rootstock, 
dry farmed, 
from secano interior, 
2 years aging
92
Q

What is Pipeno?

A

Classic style of wine made in the Sur regions (Maule, Itata, Bio Bio) that was made by hand crushing/destemming through a ‘zarande’, naturally fermented in open top wooden vats, and stored in ‘pipas’ made of ‘rauli’ (red wood) for neighbors to come and fill up their own bottles

93
Q

Good examples of Pipeno?

A

Cacique Maravilla (Bio Bio),
LA Luyt (Bio Bio),
A Los Vinateros Bravos (Itata),
Garage Wine Co. (Maule)

94
Q

Key producers of Maule?

A 
J. Bouchon, 
Garage Wine Co., 
Undurraga, 
Terranoble, 
Gillmore, 
Calina (Kendall Jackson), 
Odfjell (Maipo), 
De Martino (Maipo)
95
Q

What is the speciality of Maule?

A

Old-vine carignan, some from 70+ year-old vines (planted in the 1950s to boost the acidity and structure of pais)

96
Q

What is the specialty of Itata?

A

Old-vine cinsaut - recommended by the French to add character and color to pais - for whites, Muscat

97
Q

Itata Valley is marked by the convergence of which two rivers?

A

Itata and Nuble

98
Q

What happens to the Coastal Range in Itata?

A

It dips down at Concepcion (major port city 40 miles SW of the vineyards) - opening the vineyard up to more rainfall and cloud cover, and cooling Pacific influence

99
Q

Key producers of Itata

A 
Pedro Parra, 
Clos des Fous, 
De Martino, 
Roberto Henriquez, 
A los Vinateros Bravos, 
Miguel Torres
100
Q

Bio Bio Valley shows promise for what varieties?

A

Aromatic whites - riesling, viognier, gewurtztraminer, muscat

101
Q

Plantings in Bio Bio are dominated by

A

PN, Pais, CH, SB

102
Q

Key producers of Bio Bio

A 
Cacique Maravilla, 
Cono Sur, 
Veranda, 
Agustinos, 
Garage Wine Co., 
Clos des Fous, 
Louis Antoine Luyt, 
Estacion Yumbel
103
Q

Where are the worlds Southermost vineyards?

A

Central Otago (NZ),
Sarmiento in Chubut (AR),
Coyhaique in Malleco (CH)

104
Q

Vineyards in Malleco are planted mostly to

A

PN and CH

105
Q

Vineyards (very few ha) in Malleco are clustered in which DO area

A

Traiguen (Cordilleras) - just south of Bio Bio Valley

106
Q

Key producers of Malleco

A 
Sol del Sol, 
Vina Aquitania, 
Bodega Volcanes, 
Baettig, 
William Fevre, 
De Martino
107
Q

What are positive factors of growing vineyards at higher latitudes?

A

More hours of sunlight and high diurnal temperature variation to slow ripening. Fortunately the soils in Malleco are free draining volcanic sand mixed with clay, so heavier rainfall causes less issues

108
Q

What mountain range influences Bio Bio and Malleco?

A

Nahuelbuta mountains

109
Q

Who was the first winery to use the Austral DO on their label?

A

Casa Silva

110
Q

Subsidiaries of Concha y Toro

A

Cono Sur,
Emiliana Organico,
Vina Maipo,
Alma Viva (w/ Mouton)

111
Q

What is the Camanchaca?

A

Dense morning fog that affects the Atacama

112
Q

What is the term for head-trained vine in Chile?

A

Cabeza

113
Q

Most recent earthquake vintage in Chile?

A

2012 - esp. in Elqui (Coquimbo)

114
Q

When was Chilean wine law implemented?

A

1995 - 75%

115
Q

Who is Pedro Parra?

A

The terroir doctor - Clos des Fous

116
Q

First French investment in Chile?

A

Rothschilld - Los Vascos - 1988

117
Q

Carmin de Peumo?

A

Concha y Toro (Carmenere from Cachapoal)

118
Q

Purple Angel ?

A

Carmenere - Montes (Alpha is Cab)

119
Q

Parents of Carmenere?

A

Cabernet Franc x Gros Cabernet (Fer x Hondurrabi Beltza) BASQUE origin

120
Q

Valle Central

A

Maipo,
Rapel,
Curico,
Maule

121
Q

W-E Rapel Valley

A

Colchagua - Cachapoal

122
Q

3 main grapes used in the production of Pisco

A

PG, Torrontel, Moscatel

123
Q

Name one Pisco Producer

A

Capel, Kappa, Control C

124
Q

Name a producer of Aconcagua?

A

Errazuriz, Von Siebenthal

125
Q

Who produces KAI?

A

Premium Carmenere from Errazuriz

126
Q

Vina Aquitania is a partnership including which Bordeaux Chateau?

A

Ch. Margaux (Mentzelopoulos) and Cos d’Estournel

127
Q

3 requirements of VIGNO

A

Producer association Old-Vine carignan, DRY FARMED, 30+ years, mandatory 2 years in barrel and bottle

128
Q

Phillippe Garcia?

A

Driving force behind MOVI

129
Q

Winner of 2004 Berlin Tasting?

A

Vinhedo Chadwick 2000, 2nd - Erraz Sena

130
Q

Almaviva is a partnership of

A

Baron Phillippe and Concha y Toro

131
Q

Major River of Colchagua

A

Tinguirirca

132
Q

What event caused recommended replanting to:
Carignan in Maule
Cinsaut and Moscatel in Itata

A

1939 earthquake in southern Chile

133
Q

Most planted grape in Itata

A

Pais - cabeza (head trained)

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