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Master Sommelier Theory > Graves / Entre Deux Mers > Flashcards

Graves / Entre Deux Mers Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

NO - it retains its own cahier des charges (unlike Blaye)

A

It is both rainier and warmer (effect of the city and the forest)

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2
Q

What are the major soils of Graves?

A

Lots of gravel in the North and “Boulbenes” - gravel mixed with sand and clay

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3
Q

What are the principal and accessory varieties admitted for Bordeaux Blanc?

A

Min. 70% semillon, sauvignon blanc, sauvignon gris, muscadelle;

acc. max. 30% ugni blanc, merlot blanc, colombard

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4
Q

What does ‘Haut Benauge’ on a Bordeaux label signify?

A

A geographical indication for a district (9 communes along the border with Saint Macaire) within Entre-Deux-Mers.

It can be appended to Bordeaux AOC (dry or sweet) or EDM AOC (dry). Min. potential alcohol is 11.5%

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5
Q

Name the sweet white appellations on the right bank of the Garonne

A 
Loupiac, 
Cadillac, 
Sainte-Croix-du-Mont, 
Cotes-de-Bordeaux-St-Macaire, 
Premieres Cotes de Bordeaux (34 g/L RS)
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6
Q

What is the minimum RS for Sauternes, Barsac, and Cerons?

A

45 g/L (in practice it can reach 120-160 with botrytis, chaptalization, and cryoextraction)

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7
Q

Which sweet wine appellation in Entre Deux Mers has the highest minimum RS content?

A

Cadillac - 51 g/L

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8
Q

Which appellations may append “cotes de bordeaux” to their names?

A

Blaye (red only),
Blaye cotes de bordeaux (red and white),
cote de blaye (white only - minimum 60-90% ugni/colombard),
Cadillac (red only),
Castillon (red only),
Francs,
Sainte Foy Bordeaux

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9
Q

Which Cru Classe of Graves (1959) are classed for white wine only?

A

Ch. Couhins,
Ch. Couhins-Lurton,
Ch. Laville Haut-Brion (final vintage 2008)

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10
Q

Who makes Creme de Tete?

A

Produced by Ch. Gilette - aged for 20+ years, 2-3 bottles, no new oak, declassifies more vintages than Yquem (also produced by Suduiraut)

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11
Q

Who makes ‘l’Extravagant’

A

Ch. Doisy Daene - majority/sometimes 100% SB harvested late so very sweet (extremely sweet - 200+ g/L)

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12
Q

Who makes Y, S, and G?

A

Dry white wines from Yquem, Suiduiraut, and Guiraud

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13
Q

Can Graves blanc be sweet?

A

If labeled Graves Supérieur, it is liquoreux (min. 34 g/L)

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14
Q

When were the chateaux of Graves classified?

A

1959 - originally 15 but now 16 (Couhins divided into two)

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15
Q

Which two classified estates were absorbed by La Mission Haut Brion?

A

Latour Haut Brion (2005) and Laville Haut Brion (2008)

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16
Q

Who was the impetus behind the Pessac-Leognan AOC

A

Andre Lurton - approved in 1987 - helped stem the tide of suburban sprawl

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17
Q

What % of Pessac Leognan is planted to white grapes?

A

20%

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18
Q

Which chateaux in Pessac Leognan are inside the city of Bordeaux?

A

Haut Brion,
La Mission Haut Brion,
Ch. les Carmes Haut Brion (formerly part of Haut Brion but donated by Jean de Pontac in 1584 to the carmelite monks)

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19
Q

Top producers of Pessac Leognan blanc?

A 
Domaine de Chevalier, 
Smith Haut-Lafite, 
Carbonnieux, 
Pape Clement, 
Haut Brion, 
La Mission Haut Brion, 
Chateau de Fieuzal, 
Malartic Lagraviere
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20
Q

Denis Dubordieu perfected what technique in the 80’s?

A

maceration pelliculaire - skin contact from 2-24 hours before pressing and fermentation to increase aroma and body; now regular practiced on sauvignon blanc

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21
Q

What are the communes of Pessac that are home to classed growths?

A 
PTVCLM - Push Those Very Clean Lawn Mowers - 
Pessac 
Talence 
Villenave (d’Ornon) 
Cadaujac 
Leognan 
Martillac
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22
Q

In which commune is Haut Brion located?

A

Pessac

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23
Q

In which commune is La Mission?

A

Talence

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24
Q

In which commune is Couhins-Lurton?

A

Villenave d’Ornon

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25
Q

In which commune is Bouscaut?

A

Cadaujac

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26
Q

In which commune is Chevalier?

A

Leognan

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27
Q

In which commune is Smith Haut Lafite?

A

Martillac

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28
Q

Which two rivers contribute to the humidity in Sauternes?

A

The Ciron (cool) and the Garonne (warm)

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29
Q

The Ciron (cool) and the Garonne (warm)

A

The mold permeates the grape skins and dehydrates it to concentrate the sugar, acids, and glycerol - flavors of honey, saffron, ginger, spice

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30
Q

How many ‘tries’ or vineyard passes are common in a sauternes harvest?

A

3-4

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31
Q

T or F - new oak is common for barrel fermentation and elevage in Sauternes?

A

TRUE

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32
Q

Define cryoextraction?

A

“Fake Ice Wine” The method of cooling grapes to the point of freezing and filtering out ice crystals to achieve more must concentration - there is virtually no loss of flavor

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33
Q

What was the most expensive ex-cellar price for a bottle of wine ever (from the Graves area)?

A

2015 Liber Pater from Loic Pasquet - selling for 30,000 euros a bottle. pre-phylloxera, ungrafted vines - old varieties- castet, coulant, tarnay, petit vidure, saint macaire, horse plowing, aging in amphorae

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34
Q

What training system is most commonly used in Sauternes?

A

Cordon - helps encourage smaller berries to attract botrytis rather than gray rot

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35
Q

Name a biodynamic producer in Sauternes

A

Chateau Climens, Yquem in conversion

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36
Q

Name a producer of 1005 sémillon Sauternes

A

Chateau Climens

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37
Q

Name an organic producer?

A

Chateau Guiraud

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38
Q

Producer with a high % of SB in Sauternes

A

Chateau Guiraud

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39
Q

What is so special about Chateau d’Yquem?

A

The vineyard is planted on similar smectite clay to Petrus (buttonhole?),
it is the highest site in Sauternes,
famous for performing MANY vineyard passes
- up to 11 in 1974 only to reject the wine
- lowest avg yields 8 hl/ha

40
Q

Name a quality producer from Barsac (largest commune)

A

Climens (chalky limestone - elegance);

Coutet (largest estate in Barsac - elegant);

41
Q

What are the communes authorized for the production of Sauternes/Barsac?

A

Sauternes, Barsac, Fargues, Preignac, Bommes (some boys fart pretty bad)

42
Q

Name a quality producer from Fargues

A

Rieussec (deep and rich- own cooperage)

43
Q

Name a quality producer from Preignac

A

Suduiraut (lush and sumptuous), Ch. Gilette

44
Q

Name a quality producer from Sauternes

A 
Raymond-Lafon (unclassified), 
Sigalas Rabaud, 
Guiraud, 
Filhot, 
Yquem
45
Q

Name a quality producer from Bommes

A

Climens, Lafaurie-Peyraguay (floral)

46
Q

Who made the first intentional botrytis harvest?

A

Ch. Latour Blanche in 1836

47
Q

What is the soil of Entre Deux Mers ?

A

Limestone plateau with sand and clay

48
Q

Are there any famous SB wines from the right bank?

A

Yes! Petit Cheval Blanc - produced and released since 2014,

Chateau Monbousquet

49
Q

How much Bordeaux wine is produced in the Entre Deux Mers zone?

A

75% - most of it merlot labeled Bordeaux or Bordeaux Sup

50
Q

What is the major difference between Graves and Entre Deux Mers?

A

The latter is typically unoaked, fruity

51
Q

What is the dominant grape of Premieres Cotes de Bordeaux?

A

sémillon

52
Q

What is the dominant grape of Entre Deux Mers?

A

sauv blanc

53
Q

Which 3 superior sweet wine AOPs fall within Premieres Cotes geographical boundaries?

A

Cadillac,
Loupiac,
Saint-Croix du Mont - hand-picking in tries is required, lower yields

54
Q

Where is Graves de Vayre AOP located?

A

Just west of the Libourne across from the Dordogne in the EDM zone

55
Q

What is the general style of Cotes de Bordeaux wines?

A

Mostly merlot-dominant reds, while Blaye, Francs, and Sainte-Foye may produce white wines as well (Castillon & Cadillac for reds)

56
Q

Does Bourg/Cotes de Bourg comply with the Cotes de Bordeaux AOP?

A

NO - it retains its own cahier des charges (unlike Blaye)

57
Q

The final abv of Sauternes usually reaches

A

14%

58
Q

Can any of the vins liquoreux de Graves be made by passerillage instead of botrytis?

A

YES - Cerons and Graves Superieur may be made by passerillage

59
Q

What river separates Sauternes from Barsac?

A

Le Ciron

60
Q

1855 classified 2nd growth located in Bommes?

A

NONE - all 1st growths

61
Q

Max yields for Sauternes=Barsac

A

25 hl/ha;

40 hl/ha for Cerons, Graves Sup, Loupiac, Saint Croix;

37 hl/ha for Cadillac and CdBDX Saint Macaire

62
Q

Unclassified growths of Sauternes

A

Raymond-Lafon, Gilette

63
Q

Denis Dubordieu (owner of Doisy-Daene) purchased what other estate in 2014?

A

Doisy-Dubroca - absorbed into Doisy Daene

64
Q

If a Sauternes producer makes a dry wine, what can they label it?

A

Bordeaux Blanc

65
Q

Late harvested wine in Sauternes date back to

A

Early 18th century and later was prized by the European and Russian noblesse

66
Q

3 communes of Cerons

A

Cerons, Potensac, Illats

67
Q

Sweet wine AOPs in Blaye & Bourg?

A

NONE

68
Q

What are the sweet wine appellations with the highest min. RS

A

Cadillac;

Cotes de Bordeaux: Sainte Foy de Bordeaux & Francs

69
Q

Which commune in Sauternes is home to the # least of classified chateau

A

Preignac - Suduiraut (1e) and Ch. de Malle (2e)

70
Q

Most northerly classified chateau of Sauternes

A

Ch. Nairac (2e Barsac)

71
Q

Soil differences between Sauternes and Barsac?

A

Barsac - brighter and fresher; Sauternes - richer and fuller

72
Q

Best vintages of past 20 years in Sauternes

A

01, 03, 07, 09, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15*, 17 (good semillon, concentration + freshness), * really good

73
Q

Worst recent Sauternes vintages

A

18 (dry and sunny no botrytis, and some hail damage), 12 - rain in October and November, 08, 06

74
Q

Who owns Ch. Rieussec

A

Ch. Lafite

75
Q

3 most recent vintages no Yquem was made

A

2012, 1992, 1974

76
Q

Name a producer of Loupiac

A

Loupiac Gaudier,

77
Q

Filhot

A

2e, Sauternes

78
Q

Rieussec

A

1e, Fargues

79
Q

Ch. de Malle

A

2e, Preignac

80
Q

La Tour Blanche

A

1e, Bommes

81
Q

Doisy-Daene

A

2e, Barsac

82
Q

Ch. La Rame is located where?

A

Saint Croix du Mont (also makes Cadillac)

83
Q

Noble rot vs. Gray rot (bunch rot)

A

When the humidity drops below 60% (if the sun comes out in the afternoons) the grapes are allowed to dry, leading to noble rot

84
Q

Chateau Climens dry wine?

A

Asphodel - collaboration with Pascal Jolivet (semillon done in sancerre style)

85
Q

Who owns Ch. d’Yquem

A

LVMH - Lur Saluces

86
Q

What are the 1er cru classe of Barsac?

A

Ch. Coutet,

Ch. Climens

87
Q

2e crus of Sauternes?

A

Filhot,
d’Arche,
Lamothe-Guignard

88
Q

What is the Source of the Dordogne?

A

Massif Central

89
Q

and the Garonne?

A

Pyrenees

90
Q

EDM Haut Benoge?

A

still dry whites, 9 communes in EDM, min. 11.5%

91
Q

Bordeaux Haut Benoge sweetness levels

A

can be off-dry or dry

92
Q

Dry wines from Premieres Cotes de Bordeaux would be labeled

A

Bordeaux Blanc - NOT EDM

93
Q

What are Boulbenes?

A

Sandy limestone - in Graves, EDM, Cognac

94
Q

Which Cotes de Bordeaux are for reds only

A

Cadillac and Castillon

95
Q

Which Cotes de Bordeaux allow sweet whites

A

Sainte Foy,

Francs

96
Q

Producer of Cadillac?

A

Chateau Fayau

97
Q

What major estates does Pierre Lurton manage?

A

Cheval Blanc

Ch. Yquem

Master Sommelier Theory (68 decks)

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