Hungary / Eastern Europe Flashcards
1
Q
minimum barrel aging for tokaj aszu?
A
18 months
Aged for just over 2 years
Jan 1 3rd year post harvest release
2
Q
Major Climate / Geo factors of Hungary
A
Carpathian mountains in the east which protect from cold air blowing down from Poland and Ukraine - vineyards in the foothills;
lake effects in the west from Lake Balaton and Neusiedl - temperate climate on the shores
3
Q
Synonyms for Blaufrankisch
A
Kekfrankos, Nagyburgundy
4
Q
Soils of Tokaj
A
volcanic clay on higher sits,
loess and sedimentary soils,
sandy soils on the banks of the Bodrog and around Tokaj town
5
Q
Tokaj climate
A
warm continental, with long, humid autumns
6
Q
Tokaj Renaissance
A
Producers Association supporting the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd growths
7
Q
Modern system of puttonyos
A
3, 4, 5 puttonyos > 120 g/L of RS … up to 6 puttonyos > 150 g/L
Designations eliminated for the 2013 vintage
8
Q
100 kg of aszu paste can make as much as ___ of wine
A
220 L
9
Q
Grapes of Tokaj
A
Furmint, Harslevelu, Sargamuskatoly (petit grains), Kabar, Koverszolo, Zeta
10
Q
Minimum aging for Tokaj Aszu
A
18 months in barrel,
January 1 release - 3rd year after harvest
11
Q
Minimum actual alcohol - Tokaj
A
9%
12
Q
Minimum aging for
Szamorodni, Maslas, Forditas
A
6 months in barrel
13
Q
Eszencia - alcohol, RS, yields
A
27.75% potential alcohol,
minimum RS of 450 g/L
- max. 2 tons/ha
14
Q
Aszu - alcohol, RS, yields
A
19% potential alcohol,
120 g/L - max.
70 hl/ha
15
Q
Aszueszencia (outdated past 2013) - alcohol, RS
A
16.62% potential alcohol, 180 g/L
16
Q
6 puttonyos - alcohol, RS
A
18.53% alc, 150 g/L
17
Q
szamorodni szaraz - alcohol, RS
A
12% alc,
max 9 g/L
18
Q
szamorodni edes - alcohol, RS
A
16% potential alc, min. 45 g/L
19
Q
forditas - alcohol, RS
A
12% alc, min. 45 g/L - referments with pressed paste
20
Q
maslas - alcohol, RS
A
12% alc, min. 45 g/L - referments with spent lees
21
Q
kesoi szuretelesu bor - alcohol, RS
A
13.6% alc, min. 45 g/L - late harvest wine
22
Q
fehrer bor - alcohol
A
white table wine
min. 10.6% alc
no sugar req.
23
Q
peszgo - pressure, alcohol
A
min. 3.5 bar, 10% alcohol - sparkling
24
Q
gyongyozobor
A
frizzante
25
Tokaj label integrity in effect since
2007 - No tokay d’Alsace
26
Egri Bikaver
“bull’s blood” at least 4 varieties for Egri (30-50% kekfrankos),
3 for Szekszard (min. 45% kekfrankos)
- usually based on Kadarka and Kekfrankos
27
Aging for normal Egri Bikaver
6 months barrel
| released year following harvest
28
Eger terroir
cradled between the Bukk range to the northeast and the Matra foothills to the west- warmish mesoclimate - similar style to Neusiedlersee-Hugelland to the west (Kekfrankos and BDX grapes)
29
History behind Bull’s Blood
Ottoman Turk’s invaded in 14th century and were fought ferociously, the Hungarians must have consumed bull’s blood to make them fearless (beards were stained red from wine - but no red wine made then;) red grapes didn't arrive until the 15th century )
30
Csillag
“Star” - Eger's white version of Bull’s blood - blend of min. 4 varieties
31
Egri Classicus,
Superior,
Grand Superior
Higher alc,
lower yields,
longer aging for Superior and Grand Superior
32
Star grapes of Matra
| 2nd largest producing region in Hungary after Pannon
volcanic, basalt-rich (Rangen)
```
Rizlingzilvani (Muller Thurgau)
Chasselas
Muscat Ottonel
Olaszrisling
Irsai Oliver
Tramini
Chardonnay
```
33
Rizlingzilvani
Muller-Thurgau
34
Jegbor
Ice wine
35
Toppedt Szolobol Keszult
Selected Berry Harvest
36
Villany Classicus
51-66% Kekoporto (blauer portugieser) w/ Bordeaux grapes
37
Villany Super Premium
CF
38
Most planted grape in Hungary
Kekfrankos - modern versions treated much more like pinot noir
39
When did democracy come to Hungary
1989
40
Somlo (north of Lake Balaton)
```
fiery, mineral (volcanic) whites from
Juhfark
Furmint
Harslevelu
Olasrizling
```
best Hungarian sparkling furmint made by Kreinbacher
41
Sopron (NW on the border of Austria)
Lake Ferto (Neusiedl)
Kekfrankos on slate - Franz Weninger Jr.
42
Debroi Harslevelu
single commune appellation for harslevelu in Eger
43
OEM - Oltalom Alatt Allo Eredetmegjelolesek)
PDO wine
44
OFJ - Oltalom Alatt Allo Foldrajzi Jelzesek
PGI wine
45
szolo
grapes
46
szolobirtok
wine estate
47
szoloskert
vineyard
48
fehrer bor
white wine
49
voros bor
red wine
50
What led Bulgaria to become the 4th largest exporter of wine in 1990?
PepsiCo traded expertise from UC Davis in order to sell Pepsi behind the iron curtain
51
Most visible export brand from Bulgaria?
Domaine Boyar
52
Climate of Bulgaria
warm continental, east is tempered by the Black sea
53
Bulgaria terroir
vineyards on valley floors (alluvium), coastal plains, some hillsides
black chernozem humus-rich soils over limestone in the North (Danubian Plain)
brown forest soils in the south (Thracian lowlands)
54
Bulgaria River Valleys
Danube (northern border)
Struma (southwest corner)
Maritsa (south)
55
Most common style of Bulgarian wine
PGI more popular than 52 DGO (less restricted)
usually BDX blends with other grapes - sometimes native (mavrud, rubin)
56
Most planted local Bulgarian grape
Mavrud
57
Kontroliran
similar to DOCG
higher than DGO
58
premium Croatian wine
Vrhunsko Vino
59
Vrhunsko Vino
Istria & Kvarner
| Dalmatia
60
Istria specialties
malvazija istarska, teran (sometimes with merlot), Zlahtina from the island of Krk
61
Dalmatia specialties
Plavac Mali from Dingac and Postup
Crljenak Kastelanski (rescued from 9 vines at Kastela near Split)
Babic (red) grown near Sibenik and Primosten (North Sjeverna Dalmatia)
Posip - most important white especially from island of Hvar
62
Slavonia
Croatian Danube (east) specialties
Grasevina (welschriesling) - most planted white grape - sometimes impressive late harvest styles,
Traminac (gewurz), CH, SB, Blaufrankisch, CS, merlot, PN - reds often aged in botti
63
Croatian Upland (Zagreb - capital)
coldest zone - some ice wines, international varieties
64
What is Sivi Pinot?
Pinot Grigio - Slovenian term
65
PGI regions of Slovenia
Primorje (coastal),
Podravje (northeast -maribor),
Posavje (southeast)
66
Primorje PDOs
Goriska Brda,
Vipavska Dolina,
Kras,
Slovenska Istra
67
Goriska Brda terroir
“Opoka” soils - clay, marl, limestone - slightly rainy, ribolla gialla
68
Vipavska Dolina terroir
strong “Burja” wind
whites from zelen and pinela, + ribolla gialla
also PN reds
69
Kras terroir
red soil over limestone karst - teran (refosk)
70
Istra terroir
gulf of Trieste, malvazija and refosk
71
Slovenian region that is a continuation of Styria (in Podravje)?
warmer district in Podravje?
Stajerska Slovenija - continental
```
Laski Riesling (welschriesling),
Sipon (furmint),
Modra Frankinja (blaufrankisch)
```
Prekmurje - Modra Frankinja
72
Posavje (south of Podravje) specialties
light, tart Cvicek
Rumeni Plavec
Zametovka for lively sparkling
promising Modra Frankinja
73
Egon Muller involvement in Slovakia
Chateau Bela - beautiful riesling, more full-bodied
74
Excellent Slovakia producers
```
Bott Frigyes (Hungarian),
Karpatska Perla (own PDO),
Pavelka,
Shalicky Rubin (own PDO)
```
75
Slovakian name for aszu wine
vyber
76
Slovakia Tokaj difference
may still be 3-6 puttonyos
must include all 3 furmint, lipovina (harslevelu), and muskat zlty
usually fuller and more oxidized than Hungarian
77
Slovakia red wine area
Juznoslovenska - far southwest near Bratislava
78
Slovakia terroir
cool continental climate, mountainous terrain - volcanic, granite, schist, carbonate clay, sandstone, loess, alluvial soils - most vineyards on south-facing slopes of foothills
79
Most planted grapes in Slovakia
```
Gruner Veltliner (Veltlinksy Zelene),
Rizling Vlassky,
Frankovka Modra,
Muller Thurgau,
Svatovavrinkecke (St Laurent),
Rizling Rynsky,
Rulandske Biele (Pinot Blanc)
```
80
Moravia (Czech) is a natural continuation of
Austria’s Weinviertel
81
Four subregions of Moravia (warmer than Bohemia - rain shadow of the Czech-Moravian highlands)
Znojmo,
Velke Pavlovice,
Mikulov,
Slovacko
82
Czech native reds (Bohemia)
Andre, Cabernet Moravia, Neronet
83
Terroir of Czechia
limestone-clay, loess, marl, sand, gravel
84
Major grapes of Czechia
mostly Austrian whites and reds, also native Palava, Muskat Moravsky, Aurelius
85
Romanian DOC - CMD
fully mature grapes (Cules la Maturitate Deplina)
86
DOC - CT
late-harvest (Cules tarziu)
87
DOC - CIB
botrytis harvest (Cules la Innobilarea Boabelor)
88
Most important wine region in Romania
Moldovan Hills - where Cotnari and Cotesti are located (mainly semi-sweet wines now)
89
Carpathian foothills above the Danube
Oltenia and Muntenia
Dealu Mare DOC good for reds
Pietroasa DOC - tamaioasa (muscat blanc) sweet wines
Dragasani DOC - Cramposie Selectionata, Negru de Dragasani, Novac
90
Iconic Romanian wines (from Oltenia and Muntenia)
SERVE - Cuvee Charlotte (CS, Feteasca Neagra);
Davino - Domaine Ceptura (CS, Merlot, Feteasca),
Flamboyant (CS, Merlot, Feteasca)
91
Moldovan wine
Purcari “Negru de Purcari” - Stefan Voda PGI (bordering Odesa) - BDX blend;
Rara Neagra - Babeasca Negra
92
Milesti Mici location
huge limestone mine = wine cellar south of Chisinau, also one in Cricova
93
Largest regions of Russian production
Kuban (Krasnodar- border with Crimea),
Dagestan (western bank of Caspian Sea)
94
Russian quality problem
“Russian” wine can be labeled as such so long as it is bottled in Russia
95
Ukrainian wine in export markets
Shabo - Odesa PGI - Stephan Derenoncourt
96
What is Magarach?
Ukrainian cross of CS x Saperavi
97
What does "Dulos Bor" refer to? (Hungarian)
Single vineyard wine
98
Struma River Valley in Bulgaria is home to what variety exclusively planted there?
Melnik
99
Dulo (Hungarian)
vineyard
100
DHC (Hungary)
Districus Hungaricus Controllatus - PDO for Villany
101
Hordo (Hungarian)
Cask
102
Siller (Hungarian)
very dark rose / pale red
103
Valogatas (Hungarian)
selection
104
What is the Csopak Kodex?
Quality appellation system for Olazsrizling near Balaton (Balatonfured-Csopak)
105
Where is Melnik grown?
Harsovo controliran in the Struma River Valley - Bulgaria
106
Croatian winery producing Posip?
Stina - Sredna i Juzna Dalmatia
107
Croatian winery producing Plavac Mali?
Milosc - Sredna i Juzna Dalmatia
108
Historical puttony minimums (prior to 2013)
3 puttony 60 - 90 g/L
4 puttony 90 - 120 g/L
