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Master Sommelier Theory > New Zealand > Flashcards

New Zealand Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

What are the 3 catch-all GI’s of New Zealand?

A

North Island, South Island, New Zealand

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2
Q

Name the GI’s of the North Island from North to South

A 
Northland, 
Auckland, 
Gisborne, 
Hawke’s Bay, 
Wairarapa
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3
Q

Name the GI’s of the South Island from North to South

A 
Nelson, 
Marlborough, 
Canterbury, 
Waitaki Valley, 
Central Otago
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4
Q

What are the GI subregions of Auckland?

A

Matakana,
Kumeu,
Waiheke Island

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5
Q

What is the GI subregion of Hawkes Bay?

A

Central Hawke’s Bay

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6
Q

What are the GI subregions of Wairarapa?

A

Gladstone,

Martinborough

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7
Q

What are the GI subregions of Canterbury?

A

North Canterbury,

Waipara Valley

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8
Q

What is the difference between Wairarapa and Waipara GI’s?

A

Wairarapa is on the North Island (southermost GI),

Waipara is on the South Island (subregion of Canterbury)

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9
Q

Which region on the North Island specializes in pinot noir?

A

Wairarapa;

subregions- Martinborough, Gladstone;

producer - Dry River

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10
Q

Martinborough soil type

A

parallels to burgundy, thin soils - gravel, silt, clay

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11
Q

Wairarapa GI is outside which major city?

A

Wellington

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12
Q

What is New Zealand’s 2nd biggest wine region?

A

Hawkes Bay

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13
Q

Where was the first wine made in New Zealand?

A

Northland - James Busby 1830s (Northernmost GI)

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14
Q

What is “six o clock swill”

A

prohibition movement in NZ and AU - lasting in NZ from WWI -1967

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15
Q

Winemaking regions in New Zealand are all located on which coastline?

A

Eastern coastline, N -> S

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16
Q

What is another name for the Bay of Plenty? Where is it?

A

Waikato, North Island (between Auckland and Gisborne) - no wineries - not a GI

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17
Q

Where is Poverty Bay?

A

Gisborne GI

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18
Q

What are the 3 Bays of the North Island and their respective GIs?

A

N -> S,
Bay of Plenty (Waikato),

Poverty Bay (Gisborne),

Hawke’s Bay

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19
Q

What is the main promotional force behind New Zealand wines?

A

New Zealand Wine Growers

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20
Q

When was the Screwcap Initiative Established?

A

2001 - shipments of faulty corks often infected by TCA after traveling through Ecuador in the hot and humid tropics turned off New Zealand and Australia to cork closures

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21
Q

Who was the first NZ producer to release wine under screwcap?

A

Kim Crawford

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22
Q

What percentage of NZ wines are bottled under screwcap?

A

85%

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23
Q

What % of grapes are required for GI status, varietal, and vintage?

A

85% rule

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24
Q

When were New Zealand’s 21 Geographical Indications finally made official?

A

2019

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25
Q

New World wine laws typically do not regulate …

A

yields, irrigation, pruning techniques, acidification, enrichment

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26
Q

What is the largest city in NZ?

A

Auckland

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27
Q

Name a key producer in Auckland

A

Kumeu River,
Puriri Hills,
Stony Ridge,
Villa Maria

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28
Q

What style of wine is Auckland most known for?

A

Merlot- cabernet blends

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29
Q

Auckland soil type

A

volcanic, clay rich

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30
Q

What are the main subregions of Auckland?

A

Kumeu, Waiheke Island, Matakana

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31
Q

What is the driest climate in the North Island?

A

Hawkes Bay, (next - Waiheke Island)

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32
Q

What is the official subregion of Hawke’s Bay?

A

Central Hawke’s Bay (limestone soils for PN and CH)

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33
Q

What is the climate of Hawke’s Bay?

A

Sunny but maritime (all of new zealand basically has coastal influence except otago) -heat summation falls between bordeaux and burgundy

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34
Q

What are the four main rivers that run through Hawke’s Bay?

A

Esk,
Tutaekuri,
Ngaruroro,
Tukituki

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35
Q

What are the main UNOFFICIAL subregions of Hawkes Bay?

A

ALLUVIAL PLAINS: Gimblett Gravels, Bridge Pa, Korokipo, Ohiti

RIVER VALLEYS: Esk Valley, Mohaka, Tutaekuri, Ngaruraro, (Dartmoor Valley - anymore?)

HILLSIDES: Havelock North

COASTAL: Te Awanga, Maraekakaho, Bay View

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36
Q

What are the main cities in Hawke’s Bay?

A

Napier,
Hastings,
Havelock North

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37
Q

What style of wine is Gimblett Gravels famous for?

A

Syrah and Bordeaux Blends

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38
Q

Hawke’s Bay Producers

A 
Te Mata, 
Trinity Hill
Craggy Range
Church Road
Stonecroft
Sacred Hill
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39
Q

What is the easternmost wine region in the world?

A

Gisborne

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40
Q

What is the South Island’s northernmost GI?

A

Nelson

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41
Q

What is New Zealand’s sunniest wine region?

A

Nelson (also the South Island’s rainiest region)

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42
Q

What are the subregions of Nelson?

A

Moutere Hills,

Waimea Plains

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43
Q

What are the main varieties grown in Nelson?

A

PN, CH

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44
Q

What % of NZ wine comes from Marlborough?

A

70%

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45
Q

What major champagne house partnered with Montana to make sparkling wine in Marlborough?

A

Deutz

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46
Q

What are some famous Marlborough sparkling producers?

A

Lindauer,
Cloudy Bay,
Kim Crawford,
Hunter’s

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47
Q

What are the main subregions of Marlborough?

A

Wairau Valley,
Southern Valleys,
Awatere Valley

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48
Q

What is the general soil structure of Marlborough?

A

loam over gravel - irrigation is common

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49
Q

What is the major subregion of Canterbury?

A

Waipara

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50
Q

Canterbury soil type

A

calcareous loam, with clay and limestone

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51
Q

What are the main subregions of Central Otago?

A 
Lake Wanaka, 
Gibbston, 
Cromwell Basin, 
Alexandra, 
Bannockburn
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52
Q

What is the climate of Central Otago?

A

Semi-Continental - southernmost wine region cradled by mountains, high diurnals, low humidity

53
Q

Name three major producers in Central Otago?

A

Felton Road,
Mt. Difficulty,
Rippon

54
Q

Where is the Cook Strait located?

A

Between Marlborough and Wellington (N & S islands)

55
Q

What important viticulturist introduced canopy management techniques to NZ in the 1980s?

A

Dr. Richard Smart

56
Q

What major river passes through Hawkes Bay?

A

Ngaruroro - laid the gravel deposits (others - tutukuri, tukituki)

57
Q

Dry River, Voss, and Palliser are all producers in?

A

Martinborough

58
Q

Pegasus Bay is adjacent to what wine region?

A

Waipara - Canterbury

59
Q

Majority of Central Otago wineries are found in what subregion?

A

Cromwell Basin

60
Q

What was the most important NZ wine region before Marlborough?

A

Gisborne

61
Q

Most planted grape of Gisborne?

A

Chardonnay - aromatic, rich, lush and fruity (next - Gewurz)

62
Q

Sparkling wine producer in Gisborne?

A

Lindauer

63
Q

Where is the Patutahi Plateau?

A

Gisborne - clay and silt inland around the Waipaoa River (Gewurtztraminer, producer- Vinoptima)

64
Q

Where is the Golden Slope?

A

Gisborne - limestone escarpment in the subregion of Ormond (Chardonnay, producer - Millton)

65
Q

Bell Hill and Pyramid Valley are wineries located in?

A

(North) Canterbury

66
Q

What is the tallest peak in NZ and what major river flows down from it?

A

Aoraki/Mt. Cook;

the Waitaki River (North Otago)

67
Q

What do the soils of Central Otago mainly consist of?

A

gravel over schist

68
Q

Bottling - Sophia

A

Craggy Range, Merlot BDX Blend, Hawkes Bay

69
Q

Bottling - Rifleman’s Vyd

A

Sacred Hill, CHARD, Hawkes Bay

70
Q

Bottling - Destinae

A

Destiny Bay, Cabernet BDX Blend, Waiheke Island

71
Q

Matakana is a subregion of which GI?

A

Auckland

72
Q

PN % of plantings of Central Otago

A

70%

73
Q

Waitaki Valley special feature of soil?

A

Limestone

74
Q

Requirement for Gimblett Gravels to be used on the label?

A

Must be member of the association - 95% come from Gimblett Gravels, 95% must come from gravel soils

75
Q

Waitaki Valley Producer

A

Forrest, Ostler, Valli (fruit exchanges with Burn Cottage)

76
Q

Burn Cottage produces what two varieties?

A

PN, Gruner Veltliner

77
Q

Most planted grapes of Marlborough?

A

SB, CH

78
Q

Marlborough subs - Wairau, Awatere, Southern Valleys - soils?

A

sandy, silt, loam;

mixed with gravel;

clay-loam

79
Q

Bottling Pelorus

A

Cloudy Bay sparkling - Wairau - PN, CH -

80
Q

Bottling Te Koko

A

Cloudy Bay - native yeast, barrel-fermented SB, longer aging

81
Q

Bay of Poverty

A

Maori wouldn’t trade with them

82
Q

Bay of Plenty

A

Maori traded and provisioned them

83
Q

What is Greywhacke?

A

Sedimentary sandstone commonly found in Hawke’s Bay

84
Q

What is the notable body of water in Canterbury?

A

Pegasus Bay

85
Q

What body of water separates the North and South Island?

A

Cook Strait

86
Q

What range separates Nelson and Marlborough?

A

Richmond Range

87
Q

True or False: New Zealand vineyard workers are legally required to wear sunscreen?

A

TRUE - UV light is more intense at south pole

88
Q

Where do methoxypyrazines come from?

A

found in large quantities in the leaves - if the canopy is allowed to sprawl and vigor is not limited, the more pyrazines will be in the grapes. excess canopy, young fertile soils, irrigation, low density can all increase pyrazines

89
Q

What are some common training methods in Marlborough?

A

Scott Henry and Smart Dyson - split canopy, up and down - also planting density is much lower and irrigation is used - also contributes pyrazines

90
Q

What mountain is featured on Cloudy Bay’s label?

A

Mount Riley - highest peak in the Richmond Range

91
Q

What are the southern valleys of Marlborough?

A

Brancott,
Omaka,
Waihoapi,
Ben Morven

92
Q

Best SB regions according to Jancis:

A 
Adelaide Hills, 
Alto Adige, 
Casablanca Valley, 
Constantia, 
Elgin, 
Marlborough, 
Sudsteiermark, 
Tasmania, 
Upper Loire
93
Q

What is the Ocean between Australia and New Zealand called?

A

The Tasman Sea

94
Q

Kumeu River Bottlings

A

“Mate’s Vineyard”
“Hunting Hill”
“Coddington”

95
Q

Stony Ridge Bottlings (Waiheke Island)

A

“Larose” - BDX blend (had a “Paris moment)
“Fallen Angel”: Varietal series of Sauvignon Blanc, Pinot Noir, Chardonnay
“Luna Negra”: A prestige level Malbec
“Airfield”

96
Q

Grape focus of Auckland

A

mainly BDX grapes, CH for whites

97
Q

Mountains surrounding Gisborne

A

Raukumara

98
Q

River of Gisborne

A

Waipoa

99
Q

the “Golden Slope” of Gisborne

A

A 10 km zone of limestone influenced soils that provide better drainage than areas closer to the river and produce some the best Chardonnay in Gisborne.
There are vineyards planted here at 30 meters, enough to rise over the bog of silt at 4 meters near the banks of the Waipaoa River.

100
Q

Most of Lindauer’s sparkling grapes are sourced from what region?

A

Gisborne

101
Q

First winery in New Zealand?

A

Mission Hill - 1851

102
Q

What River flows by the Gimblett Gravels?

A

Ngaruroro

103
Q

Best vintages of Gimblett Gravels

A

2013, 2014, and 2015 were all considered good vintages, though 2013 is said to be legendary.

2012: Particularly damp
2011: Very hot

104
Q

Trinity Hill Bottlings (Gimblett)

A

“Homage” Syrah
“Black Label” Syrah
“The Trinity” Bordeaux blend

105
Q

Te Mata bottlings (Hawke’s Bay)

A

“Coleraine”: ~75% Cabernet Sauvignon, ~25% Merlot
“Bullnose”: Syrah
“Awatea”: Cabernet Sauvignon/Merlot blend

106
Q

What year were the GI’s implemented?

A

“Geographical Indication Wine and Spirits Act”: Passed in 2006 though it didn’t take place until 2017, in time for 2018 harvest.

107
Q

Methode Marlborough

A 
Created in 2013 by ten producers
Primary regulations:
1. 100% Marlborough grapes
2. Produced solely in Marlborough
3. Traditional Champagne varieties: Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Pinot Meunier
4. 18 months lees aging

Keep in mind that you may not use Sauvignon Blanc in these wines.

108
Q

Marlborough Vintages

A

Recent vintages in Marlborough happen to be nearly in line with the vintages of Hawkes Bay.

2017: Wetter and Cooler
2014-2016: Generally considered good years
2013: Outstanding
2012: Cold and wet
2011: Extremely hot
109
Q

Largest wine producer in NZ

A

Brancott - owns 65% of vineyards in Marlborough

Brancott is the largest wine company in NZ, currently owned by Pernod Richard.

Along with playing a part in the stratospheric rise of Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc, the company also released a Gisborne Chardonnay as the first varietally labeled wine of the country.

The company was renamed to Brancott in 2010, because of confusion with the U.S. state Montana. 2010 was also the year that the company sold off its stake in Lindauer.

110
Q

What is New Zealand Wine Growers?

A

A association of all the growers and producers of New Zealand, created in 2002 to promote the country’s wines.

111
Q

What mountain chain separates Wairau and Awatere Valleys?

A

Kaikoura Ranges

112
Q

Where in Canterbury are Bell Hill and Pyramid Valley located?

A

Waikari Valley

113
Q

What are the soils of Central Otago?

A

windblown loess over gravel

114
Q

Elevation of Central Otago?

A

highest region - vineyards 400 meters in altitude

115
Q

Moderating Lakes of Wanaka

A

Wanaka and Hawea

116
Q

Moderating Lake of Cromwell Basin

A

Lake Dunstan

117
Q

River which goes between Cromwell Basin and Bannockburn?

A

Kawarau

118
Q

Where are Mt. Difficulty and Felton Road made?

A

Bannockburn (warm, dry subzone)

119
Q

Where are Burn Cottage, Mills Reef, and Cloudy Bay’s “Te Wahi” made?

A

Cromwell Basin

120
Q

Where is Peregrin located?

A

Gibbston (highest, coolest subzone)

121
Q

Where is Two Paddocks (Sam Neil)

A

Alexandra (lowest subzone - furthest south)

122
Q

Waitaki Valley signature

A

only region with true limestone soils - producer - Ostler

123
Q

Best NZ Sauvignon Blancs

A

Man O War “Graveston” (Waiheke - Auckland)

Churton (Marlborough)
Seresin (Marlborough)
Greywacke “Wild Sauvignon” (Marlborough)

Eradus (Awatere)

124
Q

Best NZ Chardonnays

A

Kumeu “Mate’s” (Auckland)

Ata Rangi “Craighall” (Martinborough)

Neudorf “Moutere” (Nelson)

Sacred Hill “Riflemans” (Hawkes Bay)
Villa Maria “Keltern” (Hawkes Bay)

Mahi “Twin Valleys” (Marlborough)

Felton Road “Block 2” (Central Otago)

125
Q

Best NZ Pinot Noirs

A 
Ata Rangi (Martinborough)
Craggy Range (Martinborough)

Fromm “Clayvin” (Marlborough)

Bell Hill (North Canterbury)
Pyramid Valley "Earth Smoke" (North Canterbury)

Rippon “Tinker’s Field” (Otago)
Burn Cottage (Otago)
Felton Road “Block 3” (Otago)

126
Q

Best NZ Pinot Gris

A

Bell Bird Spring (North Canterbury)
Greystone (North Canterbury)

Supernatural Wine Co. (Hawke’s Bay)

Valli (Otago)

127
Q

Best NZ Syrah

A

Man O War “Dreadnaught” (Waiheke)

Trinity Hill “Homage” (Hawkes)
Sacred Hill “Deerstalkers” (Hawkes)
Te Mata “Bullnose” (Hawkes)

128
Q

Best NZ Bordeaux Blends

A

Desitiny Bay “Distinae, Mystae, Magna Praemia” (Waiheke)

Church Road "TOM" (Hawkes)
Craggy Range "Sophia" (Hawkes)
Sacred Hill "Helmsman" (Hawkes)
Esk Valley "The Terraces" (Hawkes)
Te Mata "Awatea, Coleraine" (Hawkes)
Stonyridge "Vineyard Larose" (Hawkes)
129
Q

Who is responsible for identifying the major wine regions of New Zealand and advocating for vinifera vines grafted onto American rootstocks in the early 1900’s?

A

Romeo Bragato - Austrian viticulturalist

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