New Zealand Flashcards
What are the 3 catch-all GI’s of New Zealand?
North Island, South Island, New Zealand
Name the GI’s of the North Island from North to South
Northland, Auckland, Gisborne, Hawke’s Bay, Wairarapa
Name the GI’s of the South Island from North to South
Nelson, Marlborough, Canterbury, Waitaki Valley, Central Otago
What are the GI subregions of Auckland?
Matakana,
Kumeu,
Waiheke Island
What is the GI subregion of Hawkes Bay?
Central Hawke’s Bay
What are the GI subregions of Wairarapa?
Gladstone,
Martinborough
What are the GI subregions of Canterbury?
North Canterbury,
Waipara Valley
What is the difference between Wairarapa and Waipara GI’s?
Wairarapa is on the North Island (southermost GI),
Waipara is on the South Island (subregion of Canterbury)
Which region on the North Island specializes in pinot noir?
Wairarapa;
subregions- Martinborough, Gladstone;
producer - Dry River
Martinborough soil type
parallels to burgundy, thin soils - gravel, silt, clay
Wairarapa GI is outside which major city?
Wellington
What is New Zealand’s 2nd biggest wine region?
Hawkes Bay
Where was the first wine made in New Zealand?
Northland - James Busby 1830s (Northernmost GI)
What is “six o clock swill”
prohibition movement in NZ and AU - lasting in NZ from WWI -1967
Winemaking regions in New Zealand are all located on which coastline?
Eastern coastline, N -> S
What is another name for the Bay of Plenty? Where is it?
Waikato, North Island (between Auckland and Gisborne) - no wineries - not a GI
Where is Poverty Bay?
Gisborne GI
What are the 3 Bays of the North Island and their respective GIs?
N -> S,
Bay of Plenty (Waikato),
Poverty Bay (Gisborne),
Hawke’s Bay
What is the main promotional force behind New Zealand wines?
New Zealand Wine Growers
When was the Screwcap Initiative Established?
2001 - shipments of faulty corks often infected by TCA after traveling through Ecuador in the hot and humid tropics turned off New Zealand and Australia to cork closures
Who was the first NZ producer to release wine under screwcap?
Kim Crawford
What percentage of NZ wines are bottled under screwcap?
85%
What % of grapes are required for GI status, varietal, and vintage?
85% rule
When were New Zealand’s 21 Geographical Indications finally made official?
2019
New World wine laws typically do not regulate …
yields, irrigation, pruning techniques, acidification, enrichment
What is the largest city in NZ?
Auckland
Name a key producer in Auckland
Kumeu River,
Puriri Hills,
Stony Ridge,
Villa Maria
What style of wine is Auckland most known for?
Merlot- cabernet blends
Auckland soil type
volcanic, clay rich
What are the main subregions of Auckland?
Kumeu, Waiheke Island, Matakana
What is the driest climate in the North Island?
Hawkes Bay, (next - Waiheke Island)
What is the official subregion of Hawke’s Bay?
Central Hawke’s Bay (limestone soils for PN and CH)
What is the climate of Hawke’s Bay?
Sunny but maritime (all of new zealand basically has coastal influence except otago) -heat summation falls between bordeaux and burgundy
What are the four main rivers that run through Hawke’s Bay?
Esk,
Tutaekuri,
Ngaruroro,
Tukituki
What are the main UNOFFICIAL subregions of Hawkes Bay?
ALLUVIAL PLAINS: Gimblett Gravels, Bridge Pa, Korokipo, Ohiti
RIVER VALLEYS: Esk Valley, Mohaka, Tutaekuri, Ngaruraro, (Dartmoor Valley - anymore?)
HILLSIDES: Havelock North
COASTAL: Te Awanga, Maraekakaho, Bay View
What are the main cities in Hawke’s Bay?
Napier,
Hastings,
Havelock North
What style of wine is Gimblett Gravels famous for?
Syrah and Bordeaux Blends
Hawke’s Bay Producers
Te Mata, Trinity Hill Craggy Range Church Road Stonecroft Sacred Hill
What is the easternmost wine region in the world?
Gisborne
What is the South Island’s northernmost GI?
Nelson
What is New Zealand’s sunniest wine region?
Nelson (also the South Island’s rainiest region)
What are the subregions of Nelson?
Moutere Hills,
Waimea Plains
What are the main varieties grown in Nelson?
PN, CH
What % of NZ wine comes from Marlborough?
70%
What major champagne house partnered with Montana to make sparkling wine in Marlborough?
Deutz
What are some famous Marlborough sparkling producers?
Lindauer,
Cloudy Bay,
Kim Crawford,
Hunter’s
What are the main subregions of Marlborough?
Wairau Valley,
Southern Valleys,
Awatere Valley
What is the general soil structure of Marlborough?
loam over gravel - irrigation is common
What is the major subregion of Canterbury?
Waipara
Canterbury soil type
calcareous loam, with clay and limestone
What are the main subregions of Central Otago?
Lake Wanaka, Gibbston, Cromwell Basin, Alexandra, Bannockburn
What is the climate of Central Otago?
Semi-Continental - southernmost wine region cradled by mountains, high diurnals, low humidity
Name three major producers in Central Otago?
Felton Road,
Mt. Difficulty,
Rippon
Where is the Cook Strait located?
Between Marlborough and Wellington (N & S islands)
What important viticulturist introduced canopy management techniques to NZ in the 1980s?
Dr. Richard Smart
What major river passes through Hawkes Bay?
Ngaruroro - laid the gravel deposits (others - tutukuri, tukituki)
Dry River, Voss, and Palliser are all producers in?
Martinborough
Pegasus Bay is adjacent to what wine region?
Waipara - Canterbury
Majority of Central Otago wineries are found in what subregion?
Cromwell Basin
What was the most important NZ wine region before Marlborough?
Gisborne
Most planted grape of Gisborne?
Chardonnay - aromatic, rich, lush and fruity (next - Gewurz)
Sparkling wine producer in Gisborne?
Lindauer
Where is the Patutahi Plateau?
Gisborne - clay and silt inland around the Waipaoa River (Gewurtztraminer, producer- Vinoptima)
Where is the Golden Slope?
Gisborne - limestone escarpment in the subregion of Ormond (Chardonnay, producer - Millton)
Bell Hill and Pyramid Valley are wineries located in?
(North) Canterbury
What is the tallest peak in NZ and what major river flows down from it?
Aoraki/Mt. Cook;
the Waitaki River (North Otago)
What do the soils of Central Otago mainly consist of?
gravel over schist
Bottling - Sophia
Craggy Range, Merlot BDX Blend, Hawkes Bay
Bottling - Rifleman’s Vyd
Sacred Hill, CHARD, Hawkes Bay
Bottling - Destinae
Destiny Bay, Cabernet BDX Blend, Waiheke Island
Matakana is a subregion of which GI?
Auckland
PN % of plantings of Central Otago
70%
Waitaki Valley special feature of soil?
Limestone
Requirement for Gimblett Gravels to be used on the label?
Must be member of the association - 95% come from Gimblett Gravels, 95% must come from gravel soils
Waitaki Valley Producer
Forrest, Ostler, Valli (fruit exchanges with Burn Cottage)
Burn Cottage produces what two varieties?
PN, Gruner Veltliner
Most planted grapes of Marlborough?
SB, CH
Marlborough subs - Wairau, Awatere, Southern Valleys - soils?
sandy, silt, loam;
mixed with gravel;
clay-loam
Bottling Pelorus
Cloudy Bay sparkling - Wairau - PN, CH -
Bottling Te Koko
Cloudy Bay - native yeast, barrel-fermented SB, longer aging
Bay of Poverty
Maori wouldn’t trade with them
Bay of Plenty
Maori traded and provisioned them
What is Greywhacke?
Sedimentary sandstone commonly found in Hawke’s Bay
What is the notable body of water in Canterbury?
Pegasus Bay
What body of water separates the North and South Island?
Cook Strait
What range separates Nelson and Marlborough?
Richmond Range
True or False: New Zealand vineyard workers are legally required to wear sunscreen?
TRUE - UV light is more intense at south pole
Where do methoxypyrazines come from?
found in large quantities in the leaves - if the canopy is allowed to sprawl and vigor is not limited, the more pyrazines will be in the grapes. excess canopy, young fertile soils, irrigation, low density can all increase pyrazines
What are some common training methods in Marlborough?
Scott Henry and Smart Dyson - split canopy, up and down - also planting density is much lower and irrigation is used - also contributes pyrazines
What mountain is featured on Cloudy Bay’s label?
Mount Riley - highest peak in the Richmond Range
What are the southern valleys of Marlborough?
Brancott,
Omaka,
Waihoapi,
Ben Morven
Best SB regions according to Jancis:
Adelaide Hills, Alto Adige, Casablanca Valley, Constantia, Elgin, Marlborough, Sudsteiermark, Tasmania, Upper Loire
What is the Ocean between Australia and New Zealand called?
The Tasman Sea
Kumeu River Bottlings
“Mate’s Vineyard”
“Hunting Hill”
“Coddington”
Stony Ridge Bottlings (Waiheke Island)
“Larose” - BDX blend (had a “Paris moment)
“Fallen Angel”: Varietal series of Sauvignon Blanc, Pinot Noir, Chardonnay
“Luna Negra”: A prestige level Malbec
“Airfield”
Grape focus of Auckland
mainly BDX grapes, CH for whites
Mountains surrounding Gisborne
Raukumara
River of Gisborne
Waipoa
the “Golden Slope” of Gisborne
A 10 km zone of limestone influenced soils that provide better drainage than areas closer to the river and produce some the best Chardonnay in Gisborne.
There are vineyards planted here at 30 meters, enough to rise over the bog of silt at 4 meters near the banks of the Waipaoa River.
Most of Lindauer’s sparkling grapes are sourced from what region?
Gisborne
First winery in New Zealand?
Mission Hill - 1851
What River flows by the Gimblett Gravels?
Ngaruroro
Best vintages of Gimblett Gravels
2013, 2014, and 2015 were all considered good vintages, though 2013 is said to be legendary.
2012: Particularly damp
2011: Very hot
Trinity Hill Bottlings (Gimblett)
“Homage” Syrah
“Black Label” Syrah
“The Trinity” Bordeaux blend
Te Mata bottlings (Hawke’s Bay)
“Coleraine”: ~75% Cabernet Sauvignon, ~25% Merlot
“Bullnose”: Syrah
“Awatea”: Cabernet Sauvignon/Merlot blend
What year were the GI’s implemented?
“Geographical Indication Wine and Spirits Act”: Passed in 2006 though it didn’t take place until 2017, in time for 2018 harvest.
Methode Marlborough
Created in 2013 by ten producers Primary regulations: 1. 100% Marlborough grapes 2. Produced solely in Marlborough 3. Traditional Champagne varieties: Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Pinot Meunier 4. 18 months lees aging
Keep in mind that you may not use Sauvignon Blanc in these wines.
Marlborough Vintages
Recent vintages in Marlborough happen to be nearly in line with the vintages of Hawkes Bay.
2017: Wetter and Cooler 2014-2016: Generally considered good years 2013: Outstanding 2012: Cold and wet 2011: Extremely hot
Largest wine producer in NZ
Brancott - owns 65% of vineyards in Marlborough
Brancott is the largest wine company in NZ, currently owned by Pernod Richard.
Along with playing a part in the stratospheric rise of Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc, the company also released a Gisborne Chardonnay as the first varietally labeled wine of the country.
The company was renamed to Brancott in 2010, because of confusion with the U.S. state Montana. 2010 was also the year that the company sold off its stake in Lindauer.
What is New Zealand Wine Growers?
A association of all the growers and producers of New Zealand, created in 2002 to promote the country’s wines.
What mountain chain separates Wairau and Awatere Valleys?
Kaikoura Ranges
Where in Canterbury are Bell Hill and Pyramid Valley located?
Waikari Valley
What are the soils of Central Otago?
windblown loess over gravel
Elevation of Central Otago?
highest region - vineyards 400 meters in altitude
Moderating Lakes of Wanaka
Wanaka and Hawea
Moderating Lake of Cromwell Basin
Lake Dunstan
River which goes between Cromwell Basin and Bannockburn?
Kawarau
Where are Mt. Difficulty and Felton Road made?
Bannockburn (warm, dry subzone)
Where are Burn Cottage, Mills Reef, and Cloudy Bay’s “Te Wahi” made?
Cromwell Basin
Where is Peregrin located?
Gibbston (highest, coolest subzone)
Where is Two Paddocks (Sam Neil)
Alexandra (lowest subzone - furthest south)
Waitaki Valley signature
only region with true limestone soils - producer - Ostler
Best NZ Sauvignon Blancs
Man O War “Graveston” (Waiheke - Auckland)
Churton (Marlborough)
Seresin (Marlborough)
Greywacke “Wild Sauvignon” (Marlborough)
Eradus (Awatere)
Best NZ Chardonnays
Kumeu “Mate’s” (Auckland)
Ata Rangi “Craighall” (Martinborough)
Neudorf “Moutere” (Nelson)
Sacred Hill “Riflemans” (Hawkes Bay)
Villa Maria “Keltern” (Hawkes Bay)
Mahi “Twin Valleys” (Marlborough)
Felton Road “Block 2” (Central Otago)
Best NZ Pinot Noirs
Ata Rangi (Martinborough) Craggy Range (Martinborough)
Fromm “Clayvin” (Marlborough)
Bell Hill (North Canterbury) Pyramid Valley "Earth Smoke" (North Canterbury)
Rippon “Tinker’s Field” (Otago)
Burn Cottage (Otago)
Felton Road “Block 3” (Otago)
Best NZ Pinot Gris
Bell Bird Spring (North Canterbury)
Greystone (North Canterbury)
Supernatural Wine Co. (Hawke’s Bay)
Valli (Otago)
Best NZ Syrah
Man O War “Dreadnaught” (Waiheke)
Trinity Hill “Homage” (Hawkes)
Sacred Hill “Deerstalkers” (Hawkes)
Te Mata “Bullnose” (Hawkes)
Best NZ Bordeaux Blends
Desitiny Bay “Distinae, Mystae, Magna Praemia” (Waiheke)
Church Road "TOM" (Hawkes) Craggy Range "Sophia" (Hawkes) Sacred Hill "Helmsman" (Hawkes) Esk Valley "The Terraces" (Hawkes) Te Mata "Awatea, Coleraine" (Hawkes) Stonyridge "Vineyard Larose" (Hawkes)
Who is responsible for identifying the major wine regions of New Zealand and advocating for vinifera vines grafted onto American rootstocks in the early 1900’s?
Romeo Bragato - Austrian viticulturalist
